Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/main' into pxmagic

2023-09-28 09:10:47 -03:00 · 2023-09-28 09:10:47 -03:00 · f2d00e6e42
commit f2d00e6e42
parent acfc166a11 5eadbe7ecd
50 changed files with 6256 additions and 5446 deletions
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -1,11 +1,46 @@
 ## WLED changelog
 #### Build 2309240
 -   Release of WLED beta version 0.14.0-b6 "Hoshi"
 -   Effect bugfixes and improvements (Meteor, Meteor Smooth, Scrolling Text)
 -   audioreactive: bugfixes for ES8388 and ES7243 init; minor improvements for analog inputs
 #### Build 2309100
 -   Release of WLED beta version 0.14.0-b5 "Hoshi"
 -   New standard esp32 build with audioreactive
 -   Effect blending bugfixes, and minor optimizations
 #### Build 2309050
 -   Effect blending (#3311) (finally effect transitions!)
    *WARNING*: May not work well with ESP8266, with plenty of segments or usermods (low RAM condition)!!!
 -   Added receive and send sync groups to JSON API (#3317) (you can change sync groups using preset)
 -   Internal temperature usermod (#3246)
 -   MQTT server and topic length overrides (#3354) (new build flags)
 -   Animated Staircase usermod enhancement (#3348) (on/off toggle/relay control)
 -   Added local time info to Info page (#3351)
 -   New effect: Rolling Balls (a.k.a. linear bounce) (#1039)
 -   Various bug fixes and enhancements.
 #### Build 2308110
 -   Release of WLED beta version 0.14.0-b4 "Hoshi"
 -   Reset effect data immediately upon mode change
 #### Build 2308030
 -   Improved random palette handling and blending
 -   Soap bugfix
 -   Fix ESP-NOW crash with AP mode Always
 #### Build 2307180
 -   Bus-level global buffering (#3280)
 -   Removed per-segment LED buffer (SEGMENT.leds)
 -   various fixes and improvements (ESP variants platform 5.3.0, effect optimizations, /json/cfg pin allocation)
 #### Build 2307130
 -   larger `oappend()` stack buffer (3.5k) for ESP32
 -   Preset cycle bugfix (#3262)
 -   Rotary encoder ALT fix for large LED count (#3276)
 -   effect updates (2D Plasmaball), `blur()` speedup
-   On/Off toggle from nodes view (may show unknow device type on older versions) (#3291)
+-   On/Off toggle from nodes view (may show unknown device type on older versions) (#3291)
 -   various fixes and improvements (ABL, crashes when changing presets with different segments)
 #### Build 2306270
@ -18,7 +53,7 @@
 #### Build 2306210
 -   0.14.0-b3 release
-   respect global I2C in all usermods (no local initilaisation of I2C bus)
+-   respect global I2C in all usermods (no local initialization of I2C bus)
 -   Multi relay usermod compile-time enabled option (-D MULTI_RELAY_ENABLED=true|false)
 #### Build 2306180
@ -44,7 +79,7 @@
 #### Build 2306020
 -   Support for segment sets (PR #3171)
-   Reduce sound simulation modes to 2 to facilitiate segment sets
+-   Reduce sound simulation modes to 2 to facilitate segment sets
 -   Trigger button immediately on press if all configured presets are the same (PR #3226)
 -   Changes for allowing Alexa to change light color to White when auto-calculating from RGB (PR #3211)
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "wled",
-  "version": "0.14.0-b3",
+  "version": "0.14.0-b6",
  "lockfileVersion": 1,
  "requires": true,
  "dependencies": {
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "wled",
-  "version": "0.14.0-b3",
+  "version": "0.14.0-b6",
  "description": "Tools for WLED project",
  "main": "tools/cdata.js",
  "directories": {
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 # CI binaries
 ; default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth # ESP32 variant builds are temporarily excluded from CI due to toolchain issues on the GitHub Actions Linux environment
-default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth, lolin_s2_mini, esp32c3dev, esp32s3dev_8MB
+default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth, esp32dev_audioreactive, lolin_s2_mini, esp32c3dev, esp32s3dev_8MB, esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM_opi
 # Release binaries
 ; default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth, lolin_s2_mini, esp32c3dev, esp32s3dev_8MB
@ -87,9 +87,11 @@ platform_packages = platformio/framework-arduinoespressif8266
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # FLAGS: DEBUG
-#
+# esp8266 : see https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/espressif8266.html#debug-level
 # esp32   : see https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/espressif32.html#debug-level
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-debug_flags = -D DEBUG=1 -D WLED_DEBUG -DDEBUG_ESP_WIFI -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_CLIENT -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_UPDATE -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_SERVER -DDEBUG_ESP_UPDATER -DDEBUG_ESP_OTA -DDEBUG_TLS_MEM
+debug_flags = -D DEBUG=1 -D WLED_DEBUG
  -DDEBUG_ESP_WIFI -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_CLIENT -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_UPDATE -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_SERVER -DDEBUG_ESP_UPDATER -DDEBUG_ESP_OTA -DDEBUG_TLS_MEM ;; for esp8266
  # if needed (for memleaks etc) also add; -DDEBUG_ESP_OOM -include "umm_malloc/umm_malloc_cfg.h"
  # -DDEBUG_ESP_CORE is not working right now
@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ upload_speed = 115200
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 lib_compat_mode = strict
 lib_deps =
-    fastled/FastLED @ 3.5.0
+    fastled/FastLED @ 3.6.0
    IRremoteESP8266 @ 2.8.2
    makuna/NeoPixelBus @ 2.7.5
    https://github.com/Aircoookie/ESPAsyncWebServer.git @ ~2.0.7
@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ build_flags =
  -DESP8266
  -DFP_IN_IROM
  ;-Wno-deprecated-declarations
-  -Wno-register  ;; leaves some warnings when compiling C files: command-line option '-Wno-register' is valid for C++/ObjC++ but not for C
+  ;-Wno-register  ;; leaves some warnings when compiling C files: command-line option '-Wno-register' is valid for C++/ObjC++ but not for C
  ;-Dregister= # remove warnings in C++17 due to use of deprecated register keyword by the FastLED library ;; warning: this can be dangerous
  -Wno-misleading-indentation
  ; NONOSDK22x_190703 = 2.2.2-dev(38a443e)
@ -214,6 +216,9 @@ build_flags =
  -DVTABLES_IN_FLASH
  ; restrict to minimal mime-types
  -DMIMETYPE_MINIMAL
  ; other special-purpose framework flags (see https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/espressif8266.html)
  ; -D PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_MMU_CACHE16_IRAM48 ;; in case of linker errors like "section `.text1' will not fit in region `iram1_0_seg'"
  ; -D PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_MMU_CACHE16_IRAM48_SECHEAP_SHARED ;; (experimental) adds some extra heap, but may cause slowdown
 lib_deps =
  #https://github.com/lorol/LITTLEFS.git
@ -224,9 +229,7 @@ lib_deps =
 [esp32]
 #platform = https://github.com/tasmota/platform-espressif32/releases/download/v2.0.2.3/platform-espressif32-2.0.2.3.zip
 platform = espressif32@3.5.0
 platform_packages = framework-arduinoespressif32 @ https://github.com/Aircoookie/arduino-esp32.git#1.0.6.4
 build_flags = -g
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
  #-DCONFIG_LITTLEFS_FOR_IDF_3_2
@ -234,14 +237,14 @@ build_flags = -g
  #use LITTLEFS library by lorol in ESP32 core 1.x.x instead of built-in in 2.x.x
  -D LOROL_LITTLEFS
  ; -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0 ;; this flag is mandatory for "classic ESP32" when building with arduino-esp32 >=2.0.3
 default_partitions = tools/WLED_ESP32_4MB_1MB_FS.csv
 lib_deps =
  https://github.com/lorol/LITTLEFS.git
  https://github.com/pbolduc/AsyncTCP.git @ 1.2.0
  ${env.lib_deps}
-
+# additional build flags for audioreactive
 AR_build_flags = -D USERMOD_AUDIOREACTIVE -D UM_AUDIOREACTIVE_USE_NEW_FFT
 AR_lib_deps = https://github.com/kosme/arduinoFFT#develop @ ^1.9.2
 [esp32_idf_V4]
 ;; experimental build environment for ESP32 using ESP-IDF 4.4.x / arduino-esp32 v2.0.5
@ -249,9 +252,8 @@ lib_deps =
 ;;
 ;; please note that you can NOT update existing ESP32 installs with a "V4" build. Also updating by OTA will not work properly.
 ;; You need to completely erase your device (esptool erase_flash) first, then install the "V4" build from VSCode+platformio.
-platform = espressif32@5.2.0
+platform = espressif32@5.3.0
 platform_packages =
  toolchain-riscv32-esp @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5 ; required for platform version < 5.3.0, remove this line when upgrading to platform >=5.3.0
 build_flags = -g
  -Wshadow=compatible-local ;; emit warning in case a local variable "shadows" another local one
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32 -DESP32
@ -265,9 +267,8 @@ lib_deps =
 [esp32s2]
 ;; generic definitions for all ESP32-S2 boards
-platform = espressif32@5.2.0
+platform = espressif32@5.3.0
 platform_packages =
  toolchain-riscv32-esp @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5 ; required for platform version < 5.3.0, remove this line when upgrading to platform >=5.3.0
 build_flags = -g
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2
@ -285,9 +286,8 @@ lib_deps =
 [esp32c3]
 ;; generic definitions for all ESP32-C3 boards
-platform = espressif32@5.2.0
+platform = espressif32@5.3.0
 platform_packages =
  toolchain-riscv32-esp @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5 ; required for platform version < 5.3.0, remove this line when upgrading to platform >=5.3.0
 build_flags = -g
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3
@ -304,9 +304,8 @@ lib_deps =
 [esp32s3]
 ;; generic definitions for all ESP32-S3 boards
-platform = espressif32@5.2.0
+platform = espressif32@5.3.0
 platform_packages =
  toolchain-riscv32-esp @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5 ; required for platform version < 5.3.0, remove this line when upgrading to platform >=5.3.0
 build_flags = -g
  -DESP32
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
@ -403,6 +402,20 @@ lib_deps = ${esp32.lib_deps}
 monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder
 board_build.partitions = ${esp32.default_partitions}
 [env:esp32dev_audioreactive]
 board = esp32dev
 platform = ${esp32.platform}
 platform_packages = ${esp32.platform_packages}
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 build_flags = ${common.build_flags_esp32} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32_audioreactive #-D WLED_DISABLE_BROWNOUT_DET
  ${esp32.AR_build_flags}
 lib_deps = ${esp32.lib_deps}
  ${esp32.AR_lib_deps}
 monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder
 board_build.partitions = ${esp32.default_partitions}
 ; board_build.f_flash = 80000000L
 ; board_build.flash_mode = dio
 [env:esp32dev_qio80]
 board = esp32dev
 platform = ${esp32.platform}
@ -437,6 +450,7 @@ platform_packages = ${esp32.platform_packages}
 upload_speed = 921600
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 build_flags = ${common.build_flags_esp32} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32_Ethernet -D RLYPIN=-1 -D WLED_USE_ETHERNET -D BTNPIN=-1
  -D WLED_DISABLE_ESPNOW ;; ESP-NOW requires wifi, may crash with ethernet only
 lib_deps = ${esp32.lib_deps}
 board_build.partitions = ${esp32.default_partitions}
@ -450,6 +464,7 @@ board_build.flash_mode = qio
 upload_speed = 460800
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s2.build_flags} #-D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=S2_saola
  ;-DLOLIN_WIFI_FIX ;; try this in case Wifi does not work
  -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1
 lib_deps = ${esp32s2.lib_deps}
@ -460,8 +475,9 @@ platform_packages = ${esp32c3.platform_packages}
 framework = arduino
 board = esp32-c3-devkitm-1
 board_build.partitions = tools/WLED_ESP32_4MB_1MB_FS.csv
-build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32c3.build_flags} #-D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-C3
+build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32c3.build_flags} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-C3
  -D WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT=0
  -DLOLIN_WIFI_FIX ; seems to work much better with this
  -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 ;; for virtual CDC USB
  ;-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0   ;; for serial-to-USB chip
 upload_speed = 460800
@ -475,10 +491,10 @@ platform = ${esp32s3.platform}
 platform_packages = ${esp32s3.platform_packages}
 upload_speed = 921600 ; or  460800
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
-build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s3.build_flags}
+build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s3.build_flags} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-S3_8MB
  -D CONFIG_LITTLEFS_FOR_IDF_3_2 -D WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT=0
  -D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0  ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1 ;; for boards with serial-to-USB chip
-  ;-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=0 ;; for boards with USB-OTG connector only (USBCDC or "TinyUSB")
+  ;-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1 ;; for boards with USB-OTG connector only (USBCDC or "TinyUSB")
  ;-D WLED_DEBUG
 lib_deps = ${esp32s3.lib_deps}
 board_build.partitions = tools/WLED_ESP32_8MB.csv
@ -487,11 +503,10 @@ board_build.flash_mode = qio
 ; board_build.flash_mode = dio   ;; try this if you have problems at startup
 monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder
-[env:esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM]
+[env:esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM_opi]
-;; ESP32-TinyS3 development board, with 8MB FLASH and 8MB PSRAM (memory_type: qio_opi, qio_qspi, or opi_opi)
+;; ESP32-S3 development board, with 8MB FLASH and >= 8MB PSRAM (memory_type: qio_opi)
-;board = um_tinys3 ;    -> needs workaround from https://github.com/Aircoookie/WLED/pull/2905#issuecomment-1328049860
+board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1 ;; generic dev board; the next line adds PSRAM support
-;board = esp32s3box   ; -> error: 'esp32_adc2gpio' was not declared in this scope
+board_build.arduino.memory_type = qio_opi     ;; use with PSRAM: 8MB or 16MB
 board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1 ; -> compiles, but does not support PSRAM
 platform = ${esp32s3.platform}
 platform_packages = ${esp32s3.platform_packages}
 upload_speed = 921600
@ -499,7 +514,7 @@ build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s3.build_flags}
  -D CONFIG_LITTLEFS_FOR_IDF_3_2 -D WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT=0
  ;-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0  ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1 ;; for boards with serial-to-USB chip
-  -D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1  ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=0 ;; for boards with USB-OTG connector only (USBCDC or "TinyUSB")
+  -D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1      ;; for boards with USB-OTG connector only (USBCDC or "TinyUSB")
  ; -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-S3_PSRAM
  -D WLED_USE_PSRAM -DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM ; tells WLED that PSRAM shall be used
 lib_deps = ${esp32s3.lib_deps}
@ -508,6 +523,13 @@ board_build.f_flash = 80000000L
 board_build.flash_mode = qio
 monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder
 [env:esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM_qspi]
 ;; ESP32-TinyS3 development board, with 8MB FLASH and PSRAM (memory_type: qio_qspi)
 extends = env:esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM_opi
 ;board = um_tinys3 ;    -> needs workaround from https://github.com/Aircoookie/WLED/pull/2905#issuecomment-1328049860
 board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1 ;; generic dev board; the next line adds PSRAM support
 board_build.arduino.memory_type = qio_qspi ;; use with PSRAM: 2MB or  4MB
 [env:esp8285_4CH_MagicHome]
 board = esp8285
 platform = ${common.platform_wled_default}
@ -576,7 +598,7 @@ platform_packages = ${esp32s2.platform_packages}
 board = lolin_s2_mini
 board_build.partitions = tools/WLED_ESP32_4MB_1MB_FS.csv
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags} #-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1
-build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s2.build_flags} #-D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=LolinS2
+build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s2.build_flags} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-S2
  -DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM
  -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 # try disabling and enabling unflag above in case of board-specific issues, will disable Serial
  -DARDUINO_USB_MSC_ON_BOOT=0
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ anyio==3.6.2
    # via starlette
 bottle==0.12.25
    # via platformio
-certifi==2022.12.7
+certifi==2023.7.22
    # via requests
 charset-normalizer==3.1.0
    # via requests
--- a/tools/WLED_ESP32_16MB_9MB_FS.csv
+++ b/tools/WLED_ESP32_16MB_9MB_FS.csv
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 # Name,   Type, SubType, Offset,  Size, Flags
 nvs,      data, nvs,     0x9000,  0x5000,
 otadata,  data, ota,     0xe000,  0x2000,
 app0,     app,  ota_0,   0x10000, 0x300000,
 app1,     app,  ota_1,   0x310000,0x300000,
 spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0x610000,0x9E0000,
 coredump, data, coredump,,64K
 # to create/use ffat, see https://github.com/marcmerlin/esp32_fatfsimage
--- a/tools/WLED_ESP32_8MB.csv
+++ b/tools/WLED_ESP32_8MB.csv
@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ nvs,      data, nvs,     0x9000,  0x5000,
 otadata,  data, ota,     0xe000,  0x2000,
 app0,     app,  ota_0,   0x10000, 0x200000,
 app1,     app,  ota_1,   0x210000,0x200000,
-spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0x410000,0x3F0000,
+spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0x410000,0x3E0000,
 coredump, data, coredump,,64K
--- a/usermods/Animated_Staircase/Animated_Staircase.h
+++ b/usermods/Animated_Staircase/Animated_Staircase.h
@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
    bool useUSSensorBottom         = false; // using PIR or UltraSound sensor?
    unsigned int topMaxDist        = 50;    // default maximum measured distance in cm, top
    unsigned int bottomMaxDist     = 50;    // default maximum measured distance in cm, bottom
    bool togglePower               = false; // toggle power on/off with staircase on/off
    /* runtime variables */
    bool initDone = false;
@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
    static const char _bottomEcho_pin[];
    static const char _topEchoCm[];
    static const char _bottomEchoCm[];
    static const char _togglePower[];
    void publishMqtt(bool bottom, const char* state) {
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
@ -196,6 +198,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
          if (on) {
            lastSensor = topSensorRead;
          } else {
            if (togglePower && onIndex == offIndex && offMode) toggleOnOff(); // toggle power on if off
            // If the bottom sensor triggered, we need to swipe up, ON
            swipe = bottomSensorRead;
@ -249,7 +252,10 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
            offIndex = MAX(onIndex, offIndex - 1);
          }
        }
-        if (oldOn != onIndex || oldOff != offIndex) updateSegments(); // reduce the number of updates to necessary ones
+        if (oldOn != onIndex || oldOff != offIndex) {
          updateSegments(); // reduce the number of updates to necessary ones
          if (togglePower && onIndex == offIndex && !offMode && !on) toggleOnOff();  // toggle power off for all segments off
        }
      }
    }
@ -295,6 +301,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
        strip.setTransition(segment_delay_ms/100);
        strip.trigger();
      } else {
        if (togglePower && !on && offMode) toggleOnOff(); // toggle power on if off
        // Restore segment options
        for (int i = 0; i <= strip.getLastActiveSegmentId(); i++) {
          Segment &seg = strip.getSegment(i);
@ -444,6 +451,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
      staircase[FPSTR(_bottomEcho_pin)]            = useUSSensorBottom ? bottomEchoPin : -1;
      staircase[FPSTR(_topEchoCm)]                 = topMaxDist;
      staircase[FPSTR(_bottomEchoCm)]              = bottomMaxDist;
      staircase[FPSTR(_togglePower)]               = togglePower;
      DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Staircase config saved."));
    }
@ -488,6 +496,8 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
      bottomMaxDist = top[FPSTR(_bottomEchoCm)] | bottomMaxDist;
      bottomMaxDist = min(150,max(30,(int)bottomMaxDist));  // max distance ~1.5m (a lag of 9ms may be expected)
      togglePower = top[FPSTR(_togglePower)] | togglePower;  // staircase toggles power on/off
      DEBUG_PRINT(FPSTR(_name));
      if (!initDone) {
        // first run: reading from cfg.json
@ -511,7 +521,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
        if (changed) setup();
      }
      // use "return !top["newestParameter"].isNull();" when updating Usermod with new features
-      return true;
+      return !top[FPSTR(_togglePower)].isNull();
    }
    /*
@ -551,3 +561,4 @@ const char Animated_Staircase::_bottomPIRorTrigger_pin[]    PROGMEM = "bottomPIR
 const char Animated_Staircase::_bottomEcho_pin[]            PROGMEM = "bottomEcho_pin";
 const char Animated_Staircase::_topEchoCm[]                 PROGMEM = "top-dist-cm";
 const char Animated_Staircase::_bottomEchoCm[]              PROGMEM = "bottom-dist-cm";
 const char Animated_Staircase::_togglePower[]               PROGMEM = "toggle-on-off";
--- a/usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/readme.md
+++ b/usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/readme.md
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 # Internal Temperature Usermod
 This usermod adds the temperature readout to the Info tab and also publishes that over the topic `mcutemp` topic.
 ## Important
 A shown temp of 53,33°C might indicate that the internal temp is not supported.
 ESP8266 does not have a internal temp sensor
 ESP32S2 seems to crash on reading the sensor -> disabled
 ## Installation
 Add a build flag `-D USERMOD_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE` to your `platformio.ini` (or `platformio_override.ini`).
 ## Authors
 Soeren Willrodt [@lost-hope](https://github.com/lost-hope)
 Dimitry Zhemkov [@dima-zhemkov](https://github.com/dima-zhemkov)
--- a/usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/usermod_internal_temperature.h
+++ b/usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/usermod_internal_temperature.h
@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "wled.h"
 class InternalTemperatureUsermod : public Usermod
 {
 private:
  unsigned long loopInterval = 10000;
  unsigned long lastTime = 0;
  bool isEnabled = false;
  float temperature = 0;
  static const char _name[];
  static const char _enabled[];
  static const char _loopInterval[];
  // any private methods should go here (non-inline methosd should be defined out of class)
  void publishMqtt(const char *state, bool retain = false); // example for publishing MQTT message
 public:
  void setup()
  {
  }
  void loop()
  {
    // if usermod is disabled or called during strip updating just exit
    // NOTE: on very long strips strip.isUpdating() may always return true so update accordingly
    if (!isEnabled || strip.isUpdating() || millis() - lastTime <= loopInterval)
      return;
    lastTime = millis();
 #ifdef ESP8266 // ESP8266
    // does not seem possible
    temperature = -1;
 #elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) // ESP32S2
    temperature = -1;
 #else                                    // ESP32 ESP32S3 and ESP32C3
    temperature = roundf(temperatureRead() * 10) / 10;
 #endif
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
    if (WLED_MQTT_CONNECTED)
    {
      char array[10];
      snprintf(array, sizeof(array), "%f", temperature);
      publishMqtt(array);
    }
 #endif
  }
  void addToJsonInfo(JsonObject &root)
  {
    if (!isEnabled)
      return;
    // if "u" object does not exist yet wee need to create it
    JsonObject user = root["u"];
    if (user.isNull())
      user = root.createNestedObject("u");
    JsonArray userTempArr = user.createNestedArray(FPSTR(_name));
    userTempArr.add(temperature);
    userTempArr.add(F(" °C"));
    // if "sensor" object does not exist yet wee need to create it
    JsonObject sensor = root[F("sensor")];
    if (sensor.isNull())
      sensor = root.createNestedObject(F("sensor"));
    JsonArray sensorTempArr = sensor.createNestedArray(FPSTR(_name));
    sensorTempArr.add(temperature);
    sensorTempArr.add(F("°C"));
  }
  void addToConfig(JsonObject &root)
  {
    JsonObject top = root.createNestedObject(FPSTR(_name));
    top[FPSTR(_enabled)] = isEnabled;
    top[FPSTR(_loopInterval)] = loopInterval;
  }
  bool readFromConfig(JsonObject &root)
  {
    JsonObject top = root[FPSTR(_name)];
    bool configComplete = !top.isNull();
    configComplete &= getJsonValue(top[FPSTR(_enabled)], isEnabled);
    configComplete &= getJsonValue(top[FPSTR(_loopInterval)], loopInterval);
    return configComplete;
  }
  uint16_t getId()
  {
    return USERMOD_ID_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE;
  }
 };
 const char InternalTemperatureUsermod::_name[] PROGMEM = "Internal Temperature";
 const char InternalTemperatureUsermod::_enabled[] PROGMEM = "Enabled";
 const char InternalTemperatureUsermod::_loopInterval[] PROGMEM = "Loop Interval";
 void InternalTemperatureUsermod::publishMqtt(const char *state, bool retain)
 {
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
  // Check if MQTT Connected, otherwise it will crash the 8266
  if (WLED_MQTT_CONNECTED)
  {
    char subuf[64];
    strcpy(subuf, mqttDeviceTopic);
    strcat_P(subuf, PSTR("/mcutemp"));
    mqtt->publish(subuf, 0, retain, state);
  }
 #endif
 }
--- a/usermods/audioreactive/audio_reactive.h
+++ b/usermods/audioreactive/audio_reactive.h
@ -20,6 +20,12 @@
 * ....
 */
 #if !defined(FFTTASK_PRIORITY)
 #define FFTTASK_PRIORITY 1 // standard: looptask prio
 //#define FFTTASK_PRIORITY 2 // above looptask, below asyc_tcp
 //#define FFTTASK_PRIORITY 4 // above asyc_tcp
 #endif
 // Comment/Uncomment to toggle usb serial debugging
 // #define MIC_LOGGER                   // MIC sampling & sound input debugging (serial plotter)
 // #define FFT_SAMPLING_LOG             // FFT result debugging
@ -104,7 +110,7 @@ static float    sampleAgc = 0.0f;               // Smoothed AGC sample
 // peak detection
 static bool samplePeak = false;      // Boolean flag for peak - used in effects. Responding routine may reset this flag. Auto-reset after strip.getMinShowDelay()
-static uint8_t maxVol = 10;          // Reasonable value for constant volume for 'peak detector', as it won't always trigger (deprecated)
+static uint8_t maxVol = 31;          // Reasonable value for constant volume for 'peak detector', as it won't always trigger (deprecated)
 static uint8_t binNum = 8;           // Used to select the bin for FFT based beat detection  (deprecated)
 static bool udpSamplePeak = false;   // Boolean flag for peak. Set at the same tiem as samplePeak, but reset by transmitAudioData
 static unsigned long timeOfPeak = 0; // time of last sample peak detection.
@ -174,12 +180,17 @@ static float windowWeighingFactors[samplesFFT] = {0.0f};
 // Create FFT object
 #ifdef UM_AUDIOREACTIVE_USE_NEW_FFT
  // lib_deps += https://github.com/kosme/arduinoFFT#develop @ 1.9.2
-#define FFT_SPEED_OVER_PRECISION     // enables use of reciprocals (1/x etc), and an a few other speedups
+  // these options actually cause slow-downs on all esp32 processors, don't use them.
-#define FFT_SQRT_APPROXIMATION       // enables "quake3" style inverse sqrt
+  // #define FFT_SPEED_OVER_PRECISION     // enables use of reciprocals (1/x etc) - not faster on ESP32
-#define sqrt(x) sqrtf(x)             // little hack that reduces FFT time by 50% on ESP32 (as alternative to FFT_SQRT_APPROXIMATION)
+  // #define FFT_SQRT_APPROXIMATION       // enables "quake3" style inverse sqrt  - slower on ESP32
  // Below options are forcing ArduinoFFT to use sqrtf() instead of sqrt()
  #define sqrt(x) sqrtf(x)             // little hack that reduces FFT time by 10-50% on ESP32
  #define sqrt_internal sqrtf          // see https://github.com/kosme/arduinoFFT/pull/83
 #else
  // around 40% slower on -S2
  // lib_deps += https://github.com/blazoncek/arduinoFFT.git
 #endif
 #include <arduinoFFT.h>
 #ifdef UM_AUDIOREACTIVE_USE_NEW_FFT
@ -411,7 +422,7 @@ static void runMicFilter(uint16_t numSamples, float *sampleBuffer)          // p
  //constexpr float beta1 = 0.8285f; // 18Khz
  constexpr float beta1 = 0.85f;  // 20Khz
-  constexpr float beta2 = (1.0f - beta1) / 2.0;
+  constexpr float beta2 = (1.0f - beta1) / 2.0f;
  static float last_vals[2] = { 0.0f }; // FIR high freq cutoff filter
  static float lowfilt = 0.0f;          // IIR low frequency cutoff filter
@ -464,17 +475,17 @@ static void postProcessFFTResults(bool noiseGateOpen, int numberOfChannels) // p
      switch (FFTScalingMode) {
        case 1:
            // Logarithmic scaling
-            currentResult *= 0.42;                      // 42 is the answer ;-)
+            currentResult *= 0.42f;                      // 42 is the answer ;-)
-            currentResult -= 8.0;                       // this skips the lowest row, giving some room for peaks
+            currentResult -= 8.0f;                       // this skips the lowest row, giving some room for peaks
-            if (currentResult > 1.0) currentResult = logf(currentResult); // log to base "e", which is the fastest log() function
+            if (currentResult > 1.0f) currentResult = logf(currentResult); // log to base "e", which is the fastest log() function
-            else currentResult = 0.0;                   // special handling, because log(1) = 0; log(0) = undefined
+            else currentResult = 0.0f;                   // special handling, because log(1) = 0; log(0) = undefined
            currentResult *= 0.85f + (float(i)/18.0f);  // extra up-scaling for high frequencies
            currentResult = mapf(currentResult, 0, LOG_256, 0, 255); // map [log(1) ... log(255)] to [0 ... 255]
        break;
        case 2:
            // Linear scaling
            currentResult *= 0.30f;                     // needs a bit more damping, get stay below 255
-            currentResult -= 4.0;                       // giving a bit more room for peaks
+            currentResult -= 4.0f;                       // giving a bit more room for peaks
            if (currentResult < 1.0f) currentResult = 0.0f;
            currentResult *= 0.85f + (float(i)/1.8f);   // extra up-scaling for high frequencies
        break;
@ -482,8 +493,8 @@ static void postProcessFFTResults(bool noiseGateOpen, int numberOfChannels) // p
            // square root scaling
            currentResult *= 0.38f;
            currentResult -= 6.0f;
-            if (currentResult > 1.0) currentResult = sqrtf(currentResult);
+            if (currentResult > 1.0f) currentResult = sqrtf(currentResult);
-            else currentResult = 0.0;                   // special handling, because sqrt(0) = undefined
+            else currentResult = 0.0f;                   // special handling, because sqrt(0) = undefined
            currentResult *= 0.85f + (float(i)/4.5f);   // extra up-scaling for high frequencies
            currentResult = mapf(currentResult, 0.0, 16.0, 0.0, 255.0); // map [sqrt(1) ... sqrt(256)] to [0 ... 255]
        break;
@ -511,11 +522,11 @@ static void postProcessFFTResults(bool noiseGateOpen, int numberOfChannels) // p
 // peak detection is called from FFT task when vReal[] contains valid FFT results
 static void detectSamplePeak(void) {
  bool havePeak = false;
-
+  // softhack007: this code continuously triggers while amplitude in the selected bin is above a certain threshold. So it does not detect peaks - it detects high activity in a frequency bin.
  // Poor man's beat detection by seeing if sample > Average + some value.
  // This goes through ALL of the 255 bins - but ignores stupid settings
  // Then we got a peak, else we don't. The peak has to time out on its own in order to support UDP sound sync.
-  if ((sampleAvg > 1) && (maxVol > 0) && (binNum > 1) && (vReal[binNum] > maxVol) && ((millis() - timeOfPeak) > 100)) {
+  if ((sampleAvg > 1) && (maxVol > 0) && (binNum > 4) && (vReal[binNum] > maxVol) && ((millis() - timeOfPeak) > 100)) {
    havePeak = true;
  }
@ -758,7 +769,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      if (time_now - last_time > 2)  {
        last_time = time_now;
-        if((fabsf(sampleReal) < 2.0f) || (sampleMax < 1.0f)) {
+        if((fabsf(sampleReal) < 2.0f) || (sampleMax < 1.0)) {
          // MIC signal is "squelched" - deliver silence
          tmpAgc = 0;
          // we need to "spin down" the intgrated error buffer
@ -873,8 +884,8 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      // keep "peak" sample, but decay value if current sample is below peak
      if ((sampleMax < sampleReal) && (sampleReal > 0.5f)) {
        sampleMax = sampleMax + 0.5f * (sampleReal - sampleMax);  // new peak - with some filtering
-        // another simple way to detect samplePeak
+        // another simple way to detect samplePeak - cannot detect beats, but reacts on peak volume
-        if ((binNum < 10) && (millis() - timeOfPeak > 80) && (sampleAvg > 1)) {
+        if (((binNum < 12) || ((maxVol < 1))) && (millis() - timeOfPeak > 80) && (sampleAvg > 1)) {
          samplePeak    = true;
          timeOfPeak    = millis();
          udpSamplePeak = true;
@ -964,9 +975,10 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      transmitData.FFT_Magnitude = my_magnitude;
      transmitData.FFT_MajorPeak = FFT_MajorPeak;
-      fftUdp.beginMulticastPacket();
+      if (fftUdp.beginMulticastPacket() != 0) { // beginMulticastPacket returns 0 in case of error
        fftUdp.write(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&transmitData), sizeof(transmitData));
        fftUdp.endPacket();
      }
      return;
    } // transmitAudioData()
@ -1163,6 +1175,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
          DEBUGSR_PRINTLN(F("AR: Analog Microphone (left channel only)."));
          audioSource = new I2SAdcSource(SAMPLE_RATE, BLOCK_SIZE);
          delay(100);
          useBandPassFilter = true;  // PDM bandpass filter seems to help for bad quality analog
          if (audioSource) audioSource->initialize(audioPin);
          break;
        #endif
@ -1272,9 +1285,10 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
        #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
          // complain when audio userloop has been delayed for long time. Currently we need userloop running between 500 and 1500 times per second. 
-          if ((userloopDelay > 23) && !disableSoundProcessing && (audioSyncEnabled == 0)) {
+          // softhack007 disabled temporarily - avoid serial console spam with MANY leds and low FPS
-            DEBUG_PRINTF("[AR userLoop] hickup detected -> was inactive for last %d millis!\n", userloopDelay);
+          //if ((userloopDelay > 65) && !disableSoundProcessing && (audioSyncEnabled == 0)) {
-          }
+            //DEBUG_PRINTF("[AR userLoop] hickup detected -> was inactive for last %d millis!\n", userloopDelay);
          //}
        #endif
        // run filters, and repeat in case of loop delays (hick-up compensation)
@ -1311,6 +1325,9 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
          if (millis() - lastTime > delayMs) {
            have_new_sample = receiveAudioData();
            if (have_new_sample) last_UDPTime = millis();
 #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
            else fftUdp.flush(); // Flush udp input buffers if we haven't read it - avoids hickups in receive mode. Does not work on 8266.
 #endif
            lastTime = millis();
          }
          if (have_new_sample) syncVolumeSmth = volumeSmth;   // remember received sample
@ -1329,7 +1346,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      // Info Page: keep max sample from last 5 seconds
      if ((millis() -  sampleMaxTimer) > CYCLE_SAMPLEMAX) {
        sampleMaxTimer = millis();
-        maxSample5sec = (0.15 * maxSample5sec) + 0.85 *((soundAgc) ? sampleAgc : sampleAvg); // reset, and start with some smoothing
+        maxSample5sec = (0.15f * maxSample5sec) + 0.85f *((soundAgc) ? sampleAgc : sampleAvg); // reset, and start with some smoothing
        if (sampleAvg < 1) maxSample5sec = 0; // noise gate 
      } else {
         if ((sampleAvg >= 1)) maxSample5sec = fmaxf(maxSample5sec, (soundAgc) ? rawSampleAgc : sampleRaw); // follow maximum volume
@ -1373,10 +1390,11 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      memset(fftAvg, 0, sizeof(fftAvg)); 
      memset(fftResult, 0, sizeof(fftResult)); 
      for(int i=(init?0:1); i<NUM_GEQ_CHANNELS; i+=2) fftResult[i] = 16; // make a tiny pattern
-      inputLevel = 128;                                    // resset level slider to default
+      inputLevel = 128;                                    // reset level slider to default
      autoResetPeak();
      if (init && FFT_Task) {
        delay(25);                // give some time for I2S driver to finish sampling before we suspend it
        vTaskSuspend(FFT_Task);   // update is about to begin, disable task to prevent crash
        if (udpSyncConnected) {   // close UDP sync connection (if open)
          udpSyncConnected = false;
@ -1388,15 +1406,14 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
          vTaskResume(FFT_Task);
          connected(); // resume UDP
        } else
-//          xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(
+          xTaskCreateUniversal(               // xTaskCreateUniversal also works on -S2 and -C3 with single core
          xTaskCreate(                        // no need to "pin" this task to core #0
            FFTcode,                          // Function to implement the task
            "FFT",                            // Name of the task
-            5000,                             // Stack size in words
+            3592,                             // Stack size in words // 3592 leaves 800-1024 bytes of task stack free
            NULL,                             // Task input parameter
-            1,                                // Priority of the task
+            FFTTASK_PRIORITY,                 // Priority of the task
            &FFT_Task                         // Task handle
-//            , 0                                 // Core where the task should run
+            , 0                               // Core where the task should run
          );
      }
      micDataReal = 0.0f;                     // just to be sure
@ -1493,7 +1510,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
              infoArr.add(F("I2S digital"));
            }
            // input level or "silence"
-            if (maxSample5sec > 1.0) {
+            if (maxSample5sec > 1.0f) {
              float my_usage = 100.0f * (maxSample5sec / 255.0f);
              snprintf_P(myStringBuffer, 15, PSTR(" - peak %3d%%"), int(my_usage));
              infoArr.add(myStringBuffer);
@ -1503,7 +1520,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
          } else {
            // error during audio source setup
            infoArr.add(F("not initialized"));
-            infoArr.add(F(" - check GPIO config"));
+            infoArr.add(F(" - check pin settings"));
          }
        }
@ -1807,7 +1824,9 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
 const char AudioReactive::_name[]       PROGMEM = "AudioReactive";
 const char AudioReactive::_enabled[]    PROGMEM = "enabled";
 const char AudioReactive::_inputLvl[]   PROGMEM = "inputLevel";
 #if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
 const char AudioReactive::_analogmic[]  PROGMEM = "analogmic";
 #endif
 const char AudioReactive::_digitalmic[] PROGMEM = "digitalmic";
 const char AudioReactive::UDP_SYNC_HEADER[]    PROGMEM = "00002"; // new sync header version, as format no longer compatible with previous structure
 const char AudioReactive::UDP_SYNC_HEADER_v1[] PROGMEM = "00001"; // old sync header version - need to add backwards-compatibility feature
--- a/usermods/audioreactive/audio_source.h
+++ b/usermods/audioreactive/audio_source.h
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
-
+#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
 #include "wled.h"
 #include <driver/i2s.h>
 #include <driver/adc.h>
@ -22,14 +22,14 @@
 // see https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32s3/hw-reference/chip-series-comparison.html#related-documents
 // and https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32s3/api-reference/peripherals/i2s.html#overview-of-all-modes
-#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C2) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2) || defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP8265)
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C2) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2) || defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP8265)
  // there are two things in these MCUs that could lead to problems with audio processing:
  // * no floating point hardware (FPU) support - FFT uses float calculations. If done in software, a strong slow-down can be expected (between 8x and 20x)
  // * single core, so FFT task might slow down other things like LED updates
  #if !defined(SOC_I2S_NUM) || (SOC_I2S_NUM < 1)
-  #error This audio reactive usermod does not support ESP32-C2, ESP32-C3 or ESP32-S2.
+  #error This audio reactive usermod does not support ESP32-C2 or ESP32-C3.
  #else
-  #warning This audio reactive usermod does not support ESP32-C2, ESP32-C3 or ESP32-S2.
+  #warning This audio reactive usermod does not support ESP32-C2 and ESP32-C3.
  #endif
 #endif
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 * if you want to receive two channels, one is the actual data from microphone and another channel is suppose to receive 0, it's different data in two channels, you need to choose I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_RIGHT_LEFT in this case.
 */
-#if (ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 4, 0)) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION <= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 4, 3))
+#if (ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 4, 0)) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION <= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 4, 4))
 // espressif bug: only_left has no sound, left and right are swapped 
 // https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/9635  I2S mic not working since 4.4 (IDFGH-8138)
 // https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/8538  I2S channel selection issue? (IDFGH-6918)
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class AudioSource {
       This function needs to take care of anything that needs to be done
       before samples can be obtained from the microphone.
    */
-    virtual void initialize(int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) = 0;
+    virtual void initialize(int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) = 0;
    /* Deinitialize
       Release all resources and deactivate any functionality that is used
@ -191,7 +191,8 @@ class I2SSource : public AudioSource {
      };
    }
-    virtual void initialize(int8_t i2swsPin = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t i2ssdPin = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t i2sckPin = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t mclkPin = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) {
+    virtual void initialize(int8_t i2swsPin = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t i2ssdPin = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t i2sckPin = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t mclkPin = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) {
      DEBUGSR_PRINTLN("I2SSource:: initialize().");
      if (i2swsPin != I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE && i2ssdPin != I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) {
        if (!pinManager.allocatePin(i2swsPin, true, PinOwner::UM_Audioreactive) ||
            !pinManager.allocatePin(i2ssdPin, false, PinOwner::UM_Audioreactive)) { // #206
@ -412,6 +413,7 @@ public:
    };
    void initialize(int8_t i2swsPin, int8_t i2ssdPin, int8_t i2sckPin, int8_t mclkPin) {
      DEBUGSR_PRINTLN("ES7243:: initialize();");
      if ((i2sckPin < 0) || (mclkPin < 0)) {
        DEBUGSR_PRINTF("\nAR: invalid I2S pin: SCK=%d, MCLK=%d\n", i2sckPin, mclkPin); 
        return;
@ -527,7 +529,7 @@ class ES8388Source : public I2SSource {
    };
    void initialize(int8_t i2swsPin, int8_t i2ssdPin, int8_t i2sckPin, int8_t mclkPin) {
-
+      DEBUGSR_PRINTLN("ES8388Source:: initialize();");
      if ((i2sckPin < 0) || (mclkPin < 0)) {
        DEBUGSR_PRINTF("\nAR: invalid I2S pin: SCK=%d, MCLK=%d\n", i2sckPin, mclkPin); 
        return;
@ -584,7 +586,8 @@ class I2SAdcSource : public I2SSource {
    /* identify Audiosource type - I2S-ADC*/
    AudioSourceType getType(void) {return(Type_I2SAdc);}
-    void initialize(int8_t audioPin, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) {
+    void initialize(int8_t audioPin, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) {
      DEBUGSR_PRINTLN("I2SAdcSource:: initialize().");
      _myADCchannel = 0x0F;
      if(!pinManager.allocatePin(audioPin, false, PinOwner::UM_Audioreactive)) {
         DEBUGSR_PRINTF("failed to allocate GPIO for audio analog input: %d\n", audioPin);
@ -755,7 +758,8 @@ class SPH0654 : public I2SSource {
      I2SSource(sampleRate, blockSize, sampleScale)
    {}
-    void initialize(uint8_t i2swsPin, uint8_t i2ssdPin, uint8_t i2sckPin, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) {
+    void initialize(int8_t i2swsPin, int8_t i2ssdPin, int8_t i2sckPin, int8_t = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE) {
      DEBUGSR_PRINTLN("SPH0654:: initialize();");
      I2SSource::initialize(i2swsPin, i2ssdPin, i2sckPin);
 #if !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
 // these registers are only existing in "classic" ESP32
@ -766,3 +770,4 @@ class SPH0654 : public I2SSource {
 #endif
    }
 };
 #endif
--- a/usermods/usermod_v2_four_line_display_ALT/usermod_v2_four_line_display_ALT.h
+++ b/usermods/usermod_v2_four_line_display_ALT/usermod_v2_four_line_display_ALT.h
@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ bool FourLineDisplayUsermod::handleButton(uint8_t b) {
  static bool buttonLongPressed = false;
  static unsigned long buttonPressedTime = 0;
  static unsigned long buttonWaitTime = 0;
-  bool handled = true;
+  bool handled = false;
  //momentary button logic
  if (isButtonPressed(b)) { //pressed
@ -1090,11 +1090,12 @@ bool FourLineDisplayUsermod::handleButton(uint8_t b) {
    buttonPressedBefore = true;
    if (now - buttonPressedTime > 600) { //long press
      buttonLongPressed = true;
      //TODO: handleButton() handles button 0 without preset in a different way for double click
      //so we need to override with same behaviour
-      longPressAction(0);
+      //DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("4LD action."));
-      //handled = false;
+      //if (!buttonLongPressed) longPressAction(0);
      buttonLongPressed = true;
      return false;
    }
  } else if (!isButtonPressed(b) && buttonPressedBefore) { //released
@ -1126,7 +1127,7 @@ bool FourLineDisplayUsermod::handleButton(uint8_t b) {
    buttonWaitTime = 0;
    //TODO: handleButton() handles button 0 without preset in a different way for double click
    //so we need to override with same behaviour
-    shortPressAction(0);
+    //shortPressAction(0);
    //handled = false;
  }
  return handled;
--- a/usermods/usermod_v2_rotary_encoder_ui_ALT/usermod_v2_rotary_encoder_ui_ALT.h
+++ b/usermods/usermod_v2_rotary_encoder_ui_ALT/usermod_v2_rotary_encoder_ui_ALT.h
@ -398,8 +398,14 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::sortModesAndPalettes() {
  modes_alpha_indexes = re_initIndexArray(strip.getModeCount());
  re_sortModes(modes_qstrings, modes_alpha_indexes, strip.getModeCount(), MODE_SORT_SKIP_COUNT);
-  palettes_qstrings = re_findModeStrings(JSON_palette_names, strip.getPaletteCount());
+  palettes_qstrings = re_findModeStrings(JSON_palette_names, strip.getPaletteCount()+strip.customPalettes.size());
-  palettes_alpha_indexes = re_initIndexArray(strip.getPaletteCount());  // only use internal palettes
+  palettes_alpha_indexes = re_initIndexArray(strip.getPaletteCount()+strip.customPalettes.size());
  if (strip.customPalettes.size()) {
    for (int i=0; i<strip.customPalettes.size(); i++) {
      palettes_alpha_indexes[strip.getPaletteCount()+i] = 255-i;
      palettes_qstrings[strip.getPaletteCount()+i] = PSTR("~Custom~");
    }
  }
  // How many palette names start with '*' and should not be sorted?
  // (Also skipping the first one, 'Default').
@ -496,7 +502,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::setup()
    }
  } else {
    PinManagerPinType pins[3] = { { pinA, false }, { pinB, false }, { pinC, false } };
-    if (!pinManager.allocateMultiplePins(pins, 3, PinOwner::UM_RotaryEncoderUI)) {
+    if (pinA<0 || pinB<0 || !pinManager.allocateMultiplePins(pins, 3, PinOwner::UM_RotaryEncoderUI)) {
      pinA = pinB = pinC = -1;
      enabled = false;
      return;
@ -507,7 +513,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::setup()
    #endif
    pinMode(pinA, USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_GPIO);
    pinMode(pinB, USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_GPIO);
-    pinMode(pinC, USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_GPIO);
+    if (pinC>=0) pinMode(pinC, USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_GPIO);
  }
  loopTime = millis();
@ -682,21 +688,25 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::displayNetworkInfo() {
 void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::findCurrentEffectAndPalette() {
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Finding current mode and palette."));
  currentEffectAndPaletteInitialized = true;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < strip.getModeCount(); i++) {
+
  effectCurrentIndex = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < strip.getModeCount(); i++) {
    if (modes_alpha_indexes[i] == effectCurrent) {
      effectCurrentIndex = i;
      DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Found current mode."));
      break;
    }
  }
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Found current mode."));
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < strip.getPaletteCount(); i++) {
+  effectPaletteIndex = 0;
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(effectPalette);
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < strip.getPaletteCount()+strip.customPalettes.size(); i++) {
    if (palettes_alpha_indexes[i] == effectPalette) {
      effectPaletteIndex = i;
      DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Found palette."));
      break;
    }
  }
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Found palette."));
 }
 bool RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::changeState(const char *stateName, byte markedLine, byte markedCol, byte glyph) {
@ -731,7 +741,9 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::changeBrightness(bool increase) {
  }
  display->updateRedrawTime();
 #endif
-  bri = max(min((increase ? bri+fadeAmount : bri-fadeAmount), 255), 0);
+  //bri = max(min((increase ? bri+fadeAmount : bri-fadeAmount), 255), 0);
  if (bri < 40) bri = max(min((increase ? bri+fadeAmount/2 : bri-fadeAmount/2), 255), 0); // slower steps when brightness < 16%
  else bri = max(min((increase ? bri+fadeAmount : bri-fadeAmount), 255), 0);
  lampUdated();
 #ifdef USERMOD_FOUR_LINE_DISPLAY
  display->updateBrightness();
@ -878,7 +890,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::changePalette(bool increase) {
  }
  display->updateRedrawTime();
 #endif
-  effectPaletteIndex = max(min((increase ? effectPaletteIndex+1 : effectPaletteIndex-1), strip.getPaletteCount()-1), 0);
+  effectPaletteIndex = max(min((unsigned)(increase ? effectPaletteIndex+1 : effectPaletteIndex-1), strip.getPaletteCount()+strip.customPalettes.size()-1), 0U);
  effectPalette = palettes_alpha_indexes[effectPaletteIndex];
  stateChanged = true;
  if (applyToAll) {
--- a/usermods/wireguard/platformio_override.ini
+++ b/usermods/wireguard/platformio_override.ini
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 # Example PlatformIO Project Configuration Override for WireGuard
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Copy to platformio_override.ini to activate.
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Please visit documentation: https://docs.platformio.org/page/projectconf.html
 [platformio]
 default_envs = WLED_ESP32-WireGuard
 [env:WLED_ESP32-WireGuard]
 board = esp32dev
 platform = ${esp32.platform}
 platform_packages = ${esp32.platform_packages}
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 build_flags = ${common.build_flags_esp32} 
   -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-WireGuard
   -D USERMOD_WIREGUARD
 lib_deps = ${esp32.lib_deps}
   https://github.com/kienvu58/WireGuard-ESP32-Arduino.git
 monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder
 board_build.partitions = ${esp32.default_partitions}
 upload_speed = 921600
--- a/usermods/wireguard/readme.md
+++ b/usermods/wireguard/readme.md
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 # WireGuard VPN
 This usermod will connect your WLED instance to a remote WireGuard subnet.
 Configuration is performed via the Usermod menu. There are no parameters to set in code!
 ## Installation 
 Copy the `platformio_override.ini` file to the root project directory, review the build options, and select the `WLED_ESP32-WireGuard` environment.
 ## Author
 Aiden Vigue [vigue.me](https://vigue.me)
 [@acvigue](https://github.com/acvigue)
 aiden@vigue.me
--- a/usermods/wireguard/wireguard.h
+++ b/usermods/wireguard/wireguard.h
@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <WireGuard-ESP32.h>
 #include "wled.h"
 class WireguardUsermod : public Usermod {
   public:
    void setup() { configTzTime(posix_tz, ntpServerName); }
    void connected() {
        if (wg.is_initialized()) {
            wg.end();
        }
    }
    void loop() {
        if (millis() - lastTime > 5000) {
            if (is_enabled && WLED_CONNECTED) {
                if (!wg.is_initialized()) {
                    struct tm timeinfo;
                    if (getLocalTime(&timeinfo, 0)) {
                        if (strlen(preshared_key) < 1) {
                            wg.begin(local_ip, private_key, endpoint_address, public_key, endpoint_port, NULL);
                        } else {
                            wg.begin(local_ip, private_key, endpoint_address, public_key, endpoint_port, preshared_key);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            lastTime = millis();
        }
    }
    void addToJsonInfo(JsonObject& root) {
        JsonObject user = root["u"];
        if (user.isNull()) user = root.createNestedObject("u");
        JsonArray infoArr = user.createNestedArray(F("WireGuard"));
        String uiDomString;
        struct tm timeinfo;
        if (!getLocalTime(&timeinfo, 0)) {
            uiDomString = "Time out of sync!";
        } else {
            if (wg.is_initialized()) {
                uiDomString = "netif up!";
            } else {
                uiDomString = "netif down :(";
            }
        }
        if (is_enabled) infoArr.add(uiDomString);
    }
    void appendConfigData() {
        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:host',1,'Server Hostname');"));           // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:port',1,'Server Port');"));               // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:ip',1,'Device IP');"));                   // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:psk',1,'Pre Shared Key (optional)');"));  // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:pem',1,'Private Key');"));                // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:pub',1,'Public Key');"));                 // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:tz',1,'POSIX timezone string');"));       // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
    }
    void addToConfig(JsonObject& root) {
        JsonObject top = root.createNestedObject(F("WireGuard"));
        top[F("host")] = endpoint_address;
        top[F("port")] = endpoint_port;
        top[F("ip")] = local_ip.toString();
        top[F("psk")] = preshared_key;
        top[F("pem")] = private_key;
        top[F("pub")] = public_key;
        top[F("tz")] = posix_tz;
    }
    bool readFromConfig(JsonObject& root) {
        JsonObject top = root[F("WireGuard")];
        if (top["host"].isNull() || top["port"].isNull() || top["ip"].isNull() || top["pem"].isNull() || top["pub"].isNull() || top["tz"].isNull()) {
            is_enabled = false;
            return false;
        } else {
            const char* host = top["host"];
            strncpy(endpoint_address, host, 100);
            const char* ip_s = top["ip"];
            uint8_t ip[4];
            sscanf(ip_s, "%u.%u.%u.%u", &ip[0], &ip[1], &ip[2], &ip[3]);
            local_ip = IPAddress(ip[0], ip[1], ip[2], ip[3]);
            const char* pem = top["pem"];
            strncpy(private_key, pem, 45);
            const char* pub = top["pub"];
            strncpy(public_key, pub, 45);
            const char* tz = top["tz"];
            strncpy(posix_tz, tz, 150);
            endpoint_port = top["port"];
            if (!top["psk"].isNull()) {
                const char* psk = top["psk"];
                strncpy(preshared_key, psk, 45);
            }
            is_enabled = true;
        }
        return is_enabled;
    }
    uint16_t getId() { return USERMOD_ID_WIREGUARD; }
   private:
    WireGuard wg;
    char preshared_key[45];
    char private_key[45];
    IPAddress local_ip;
    char public_key[45];
    char endpoint_address[100];
    char posix_tz[150];
    int endpoint_port = 0;
    bool is_enabled = false;
    unsigned long lastTime = 0;
 };
--- a/wled00/FX.cpp
+++ b/wled00/FX.cpp
--- a/wled00/FX.h
+++ b/wled00/FX.h
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 #define FX_MODE_FIRE_FLICKER            45
 #define FX_MODE_GRADIENT                46
 #define FX_MODE_LOADING                 47
-// #define FX_MODE_POLICE                  48  // removed in 0.14!
+#define FX_MODE_ROLLINGBALLS            48  //was Police before 0.14
 #define FX_MODE_FAIRY                   49  //was Police All prior to 0.13.0-b6 (use "Two Dots" with Red/Blue and full intensity)
 #define FX_MODE_TWO_DOTS                50
 #define FX_MODE_FAIRYTWINKLE            51  //was Two Areas prior to 0.13.0-b6 (use "Two Dots" with full intensity)
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ typedef enum mapping1D2D {
  M12_pCorner = 3
 } mapping1D2D_t;
-// segment, 72 bytes
+// segment, 80 bytes
 typedef struct Segment {
  public:
    uint16_t start; // start index / start X coordinate 2D (left)
@ -379,10 +379,32 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    uint16_t aux0;  // custom var
    uint16_t aux1;  // custom var
    byte     *data; // effect data pointer
    CRGB* leds;     // local leds[] array (may be a pointer to global)
    static CRGB *_globalLeds;             // global leds[] array
    static uint16_t maxWidth, maxHeight;  // these define matrix width & height (max. segment dimensions)
    typedef struct TemporarySegmentData {
      uint16_t _optionsT;
      uint32_t _colorT[NUM_COLORS];
      uint8_t  _speedT;
      uint8_t  _intensityT;
      uint8_t  _custom1T, _custom2T;   // custom FX parameters/sliders
      struct {
        uint8_t _custom3T : 5;        // reduced range slider (0-31)
        bool    _check1T  : 1;        // checkmark 1
        bool    _check2T  : 1;        // checkmark 2
        bool    _check3T  : 1;        // checkmark 3
      };
      uint16_t _aux0T;
      uint16_t _aux1T;
      uint32_t _stepT;
      uint32_t _callT;
      uint8_t *_dataT;
      uint16_t _dataLenT;
      TemporarySegmentData()
        : _dataT(nullptr) // just in case...
        , _dataLenT(0)
      {}
    } tmpsegd_t;
  private:
    union {
      uint8_t  _capabilities;
@ -397,39 +419,34 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    uint16_t        _dataLen;
    static uint16_t _usedSegmentData;
-    // transition data, valid only if transitional==true, holds values during transition
+    // perhaps this should be per segment, not static
    static CRGBPalette16 _randomPalette;      // actual random palette
    static CRGBPalette16 _newRandomPalette;   // target random palette
    static unsigned long _lastPaletteChange;  // last random palette change time in millis()
    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
    static bool          _modeBlend;          // mode/effect blending semaphore
    #endif
    // transition data, valid only if transitional==true, holds values during transition (72 bytes)
    struct Transition {
      #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
      tmpsegd_t     _segT;        // previous segment environment
      uint8_t       _modeT;       // previous mode/effect
      #else
      uint32_t      _colorT[NUM_COLORS];
      #endif
      uint8_t       _briT;        // temporary brightness
      uint8_t       _cctT;        // temporary CCT
      CRGBPalette16 _palT;        // temporary palette
      uint8_t       _prevPaletteBlends; // number of previous palette blends (there are max 255 belnds possible)
-      uint8_t       _modeP;       // previous mode/effect
+      unsigned long _start;       // must accommodate millis()
      //uint16_t      _aux0, _aux1; // previous mode/effect runtime data
      //uint32_t      _step, _call; // previous mode/effect runtime data
      //byte         *_data;        // previous mode/effect runtime data
      uint32_t      _start;
      uint16_t      _dur;
      Transition(uint16_t dur=750)
-        : _briT(255)
+        : _palT(CRGBPalette16(CRGB::Black))
        , _cctT(127)
        , _palT(CRGBPalette16(CRGB::Black))
        , _prevPaletteBlends(0)
        , _modeP(FX_MODE_STATIC)
        , _start(millis())
        , _dur(dur)
      {}
      Transition(uint16_t d, uint8_t b, uint8_t c, const uint32_t *o)
        : _briT(b)
        , _cctT(c)
        , _palT(CRGBPalette16(CRGB::Black))
        , _prevPaletteBlends(0)
        , _modeP(FX_MODE_STATIC)
        , _start(millis())
        , _dur(d)
      {
        for (size_t i=0; i<NUM_COLORS; i++) _colorT[i] = o[i];
      }
    } *_t;
  public:
@ -463,12 +480,14 @@ typedef struct Segment {
      aux0(0),
      aux1(0),
      data(nullptr),
      leds(nullptr),
      _capabilities(0),
      _dataLen(0),
      _t(nullptr)
    {
      //refreshLightCapabilities();
      #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
      //Serial.printf("-- Creating segment: %p\n", this);
      #endif
    }
    Segment(uint16_t sStartX, uint16_t sStopX, uint16_t sStartY, uint16_t sStopY) : Segment(sStartX, sStopX) {
@ -480,16 +499,14 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    Segment(Segment &&orig) noexcept; // move constructor
    ~Segment() {
-      //#ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+      #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
-      //Serial.print(F("Destroying segment:"));
+      //Serial.printf("-- Destroying segment: %p\n", this);
      //if (name) Serial.printf(" %s (%p)", name, name);
      //if (data) Serial.printf(" %d (%p)", (int)_dataLen, data);
      //if (leds) Serial.printf(" [%u]", length()*sizeof(CRGB));
      //Serial.println();
-      //#endif
+      #endif
-      if (!Segment::_globalLeds && leds) { free(leds); leds = nullptr;} // reset to nullptr, to avoid race conditions
+      if (name) { delete[] name; name = nullptr; }
-      if (name) delete[] name;
+      stopTransition();
      if (_t) delete _t;
      deallocateData();
    }
@ -497,7 +514,7 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    Segment& operator= (Segment &&orig) noexcept; // move assignment
 #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
-    size_t getSize() const { return sizeof(Segment) + (data?_dataLen:0) + (name?strlen(name):0) + (_t?sizeof(Transition):0) + (!Segment::_globalLeds && leds?sizeof(CRGB)*length():0); }
+    size_t getSize() const { return sizeof(Segment) + (data?_dataLen:0) + (name?strlen(name):0) + (_t?sizeof(Transition):0); }
 #endif
    inline bool     getOption(uint8_t n) const { return ((options >> n) & 0x01); }
@ -507,16 +524,20 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    inline bool     hasRGB(void)         const { return _isRGB; }
    inline bool     hasWhite(void)       const { return _hasW; }
    inline bool     isCCT(void)          const { return _isCCT; }
-    inline uint16_t width(void)          const { return (stop > start)   ? (stop - start)   : 0; } // segment width in physical pixels (length if 1D)
+    inline uint16_t width(void)          const { return isActive() ? (stop - start) : 0; }  // segment width in physical pixels (length if 1D)
-    inline uint16_t height(void)         const { return (stopY > startY) ? (stopY - startY) : 0; } // segment height (if 2D) in physical pixels // softhack007: make sure its always > 0
+    inline uint16_t height(void)         const { return stopY - startY; }                   // segment height (if 2D) in physical pixels (it *is* always >=1)
    inline uint16_t length(void)         const { return width() * height(); }               // segment length (count) in physical pixels
    inline uint16_t groupLength(void)    const { return grouping + spacing; }
    inline uint8_t  getLightCapabilities(void) const { return _capabilities; }
    static uint16_t getUsedSegmentData(void)    { return _usedSegmentData; }
    static void     addUsedSegmentData(int len) { _usedSegmentData += len; }
    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
    static void     modeBlend(bool blend)       { _modeBlend = blend; }
    #endif
    static void     handleRandomPalette();
-    void    setUp(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp=1, uint8_t spc=0, uint16_t ofs=UINT16_MAX, uint16_t i1Y=0, uint16_t i2Y=1);
+    void    setUp(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp=1, uint8_t spc=0, uint16_t ofs=UINT16_MAX, uint16_t i1Y=0, uint16_t i2Y=1, uint8_t segId = 255);
    bool    setColor(uint8_t slot, uint32_t c); //returns true if changed
    void    setCCT(uint16_t k);
    void    setOpacity(uint8_t o);
@ -538,11 +559,15 @@ typedef struct Segment {
      * Safe to call from interrupts and network requests.
      */
    inline void markForReset(void) { reset = true; }  // setOption(SEG_OPTION_RESET, true)
    void setUpLeds(void);   // set up leds[] array for loseless getPixelColor()
    // transition functions
    void     startTransition(uint16_t dur); // transition has to start before actual segment values change
    void     stopTransition(void);
    void     handleTransition(void);
    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
    void     swapSegenv(tmpsegd_t &tmpSegD);
    void     restoreSegenv(tmpsegd_t &tmpSegD);
    #endif
    uint16_t progress(void); //transition progression between 0-65535
    uint8_t  currentBri(uint8_t briNew, bool useCct = false);
    uint8_t  currentMode(uint8_t modeNew);
@ -579,7 +604,7 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    uint16_t virtualHeight(void) const;
    uint16_t nrOfVStrips(void) const;
  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
-    uint16_t XY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y); // support function to get relative index within segment (for leds[])
+    uint16_t XY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y); // support function to get relative index within segment
    void setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t c); // set relative pixel within segment with color
    void setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, byte r, byte g, byte b, byte w = 0) { setPixelColorXY(x, y, RGBW32(r,g,b,w)); } // automatically inline
    void setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, CRGB c)                             { setPixelColorXY(x, y, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0)); } // automatically inline
@ -604,9 +629,9 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    void fill_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB c);
    void drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint32_t c);
    void drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, CRGB c) { drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0)); } // automatic inline
-    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t col2 = 0);
+    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t col2 = 0, int8_t rotate = 0);
    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, CRGB c) { drawCharacter(chr, x, y, w, h, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0)); } // automatic inline
-    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, CRGB c, CRGB c2) { drawCharacter(chr, x, y, w, h, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0), RGBW32(c2.r,c2.g,c2.b,0)); } // automatic inline
+    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, CRGB c, CRGB c2, int8_t rotate = 0) { drawCharacter(chr, x, y, w, h, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0), RGBW32(c2.r,c2.g,c2.b,0), rotate); } // automatic inline
    void wu_pixel(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, CRGB c);
    void blur1d(fract8 blur_amount); // blur all rows in 1 dimension
    void blur2d(fract8 blur_amount) { blur(blur_amount); }
@ -636,8 +661,9 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    void fill_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB c) {}
    void drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint32_t c) {}
    void drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, CRGB c) {}
-    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color) {}
+    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t = 0, int8_t = 0) {}
    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, CRGB color) {}
    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, CRGB c, CRGB c2, int8_t rotate = 0) {}
    void wu_pixel(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, CRGB c) {}
  #endif
 } segment;
@ -692,7 +718,15 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
      customMappingSize(0),
      _lastShow(0),
      _segment_index(0),
-      _mainSegment(0)
+      _mainSegment(0),
      _queuedChangesSegId(255),
      _qStart(0),
      _qStop(0),
      _qStartY(0),
      _qStopY(0),
      _qGrouping(0),
      _qSpacing(0),
      _qOffset(0)
    {
      WS2812FX::instance = this;
      _mode.reserve(_modeCount);     // allocate memory to prevent initial fragmentation (does not increase size())
@ -710,7 +744,6 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
      panel.clear();
 #endif
      customPalettes.clear();
      if (useLedsArray && Segment::_globalLeds) {free(Segment::_globalLeds); Segment::_globalLeds = nullptr;} // reset to nullptr, to avoid race conditions
    }
    static WS2812FX* getInstance(void) { return instance; }
@ -749,7 +782,7 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
    inline void trigger(void) { _triggered = true; } // Forces the next frame to be computed on all active segments.
    inline void setShowCallback(show_callback cb) { _callback = cb; }
    inline void setTransition(uint16_t t) { _transitionDur = t; }
-    inline void appendSegment(const Segment &seg = Segment()) { _segments.push_back(seg); }
+    inline void appendSegment(const Segment &seg = Segment()) { if (_segments.size() < getMaxSegments()) _segments.push_back(seg); }
    bool
      checkSegmentAlignment(void),
@ -757,8 +790,7 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
      hasCCTBus(void),
      // return true if the strip is being sent pixel updates
      isUpdating(void),
-      deserializeMap(uint8_t n=0),
+      deserializeMap(uint8_t n=0);
      useLedsArray = false;
    inline bool isServicing(void) { return _isServicing; }
    inline bool hasWhiteChannel(void) {return _hasWhiteChannel;}
@ -900,13 +932,20 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
    uint16_t* customMappingTable;
    uint16_t  customMappingSize;
-    uint32_t _lastShow;
+    unsigned long _lastShow;
    uint8_t _segment_index;
    uint8_t _mainSegment;
    uint8_t _queuedChangesSegId;
    uint16_t _qStart, _qStop, _qStartY, _qStopY;
    uint8_t _qGrouping, _qSpacing;
    uint16_t _qOffset;
    uint8_t
      estimateCurrentAndLimitBri(void);
    void
-      estimateCurrentAndLimitBri(void);
+      setUpSegmentFromQueuedChanges(void);
 };
 extern const char JSON_mode_names[];
--- a/wled00/FX_2Dfcn.cpp
+++ b/wled00/FX_2Dfcn.cpp
@ -189,20 +189,16 @@ uint32_t WS2812FX::getPixelColorXY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {
 // XY(x,y) - gets pixel index within current segment (often used to reference leds[] array element)
 uint16_t /*IRAM_ATTR*/ Segment::XY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {
-  uint16_t width  = virtualWidth();   // segment width in logical pixels
+  uint16_t width  = virtualWidth();   // segment width in logical pixels (can be 0 if segment is inactive)
-  uint16_t height = virtualHeight();  // segment height in logical pixels
+  uint16_t height = virtualHeight();  // segment height in logical pixels (is always >= 1)
-  if (width == 0) return 0;           // softhack007 avoid div/0
+  return isActive() ? (x%width) + (y%height) * width : 0;
  if (height == 0) return (x%width);  // softhack007 avoid div/0
  return (x%width) + (y%height) * width;
 }
 void /*IRAM_ATTR*/ Segment::setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t col)
 {
-  if (Segment::maxHeight==1) return; // not a matrix set-up
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  if (x >= virtualWidth() || y >= virtualHeight() || x<0 || y<0) return;  // if pixel would fall out of virtual segment just exit
  if (leds) leds[XY(x,y)] = col;
  uint8_t _bri_t = currentBri(on ? opacity : 0);
  if (_bri_t < 255) {
    byte r = scale8(R(col), _bri_t);
@ -220,23 +216,29 @@ void /*IRAM_ATTR*/ Segment::setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t col)
  y *= groupLength(); // expand to physical pixels
  if (x >= width() || y >= height()) return;  // if pixel would fall out of segment just exit
  uint32_t tmpCol = col;
  for (int j = 0; j < grouping; j++) {   // groupping vertically
    for (int g = 0; g < grouping; g++) { // groupping horizontally
      uint16_t xX = (x+g), yY = (y+j);
      if (xX >= width() || yY >= height()) continue; // we have reached one dimension's end
-      strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + yY, col);
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
      // if blending modes, blend with underlying pixel
      if (_modeBlend) tmpCol = color_blend(strip.getPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + yY), col, 0xFFFFU - progress(), true);
 #endif
      strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + yY, tmpCol);
      if (mirror) { //set the corresponding horizontally mirrored pixel
-        if (transpose) strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + height() - yY - 1, col);
+        if (transpose) strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + height() - yY - 1, tmpCol);
-        else           strip.setPixelColorXY(start + width() - xX - 1, startY + yY, col);
+        else           strip.setPixelColorXY(start + width() - xX - 1, startY + yY, tmpCol);
      }
      if (mirror_y) { //set the corresponding vertically mirrored pixel
-        if (transpose) strip.setPixelColorXY(start + width() - xX - 1, startY + yY, col);
+        if (transpose) strip.setPixelColorXY(start + width() - xX - 1, startY + yY, tmpCol);
-        else           strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + height() - yY - 1, col);
+        else           strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + height() - yY - 1, tmpCol);
      }
      if (mirror_y && mirror) { //set the corresponding vertically AND horizontally mirrored pixel
-        strip.setPixelColorXY(width() - xX - 1, height() - yY - 1, col);
+        strip.setPixelColorXY(width() - xX - 1, height() - yY - 1, tmpCol);
      }
    }
  }
@ -245,7 +247,7 @@ void /*IRAM_ATTR*/ Segment::setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t col)
 // anti-aliased version of setPixelColorXY()
 void Segment::setPixelColorXY(float x, float y, uint32_t col, bool aa)
 {
-  if (Segment::maxHeight==1) return; // not a matrix set-up
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  if (x<0.0f || x>1.0f || y<0.0f || y>1.0f) return; // not normalized
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
@ -288,8 +290,8 @@ void Segment::setPixelColorXY(float x, float y, uint32_t col, bool aa)
 // returns RGBW values of pixel
 uint32_t Segment::getPixelColorXY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {
-  int i = XY(x,y);
+  if (!isActive()) return 0; // not active
-  if (leds) return RGBW32(leds[i].r, leds[i].g, leds[i].b, 0);
+  if (x >= virtualWidth() || y >= virtualHeight() || x<0 || y<0) return 0;  // if pixel would fall out of virtual segment just exit
  if (reverse  ) x = virtualWidth()  - x - 1;
  if (reverse_y) y = virtualHeight() - y - 1;
  if (transpose) { uint16_t t = x; x = y; y = t; } // swap X & Y if segment transposed
@ -306,6 +308,7 @@ void Segment::blendPixelColorXY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint32_t color, uint8_t
 // Adds the specified color with the existing pixel color perserving color balance.
 void Segment::addPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t color, bool fast) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  if (x >= virtualWidth() || y >= virtualHeight() || x<0 || y<0) return;  // if pixel would fall out of virtual segment just exit
  uint32_t col = getPixelColorXY(x,y);
  uint8_t r = R(col);
@ -325,12 +328,14 @@ void Segment::addPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t color, bool fast) {
 }
 void Segment::fadePixelColorXY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint8_t fade) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  CRGB pix = CRGB(getPixelColorXY(x,y)).nscale8_video(fade);
  setPixelColorXY(x, y, pix);
 }
 // blurRow: perform a blur on a row of a rectangular matrix
 void Segment::blurRow(uint16_t row, fract8 blur_amount) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint_fast16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint_fast16_t rows = virtualHeight();
@ -358,6 +363,7 @@ void Segment::blurRow(uint16_t row, fract8 blur_amount) {
 // blurCol: perform a blur on a column of a rectangular matrix
 void Segment::blurCol(uint16_t col, fract8 blur_amount) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint_fast16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint_fast16_t rows = virtualHeight();
@ -385,6 +391,7 @@ void Segment::blurCol(uint16_t col, fract8 blur_amount) {
 // 1D Box blur (with added weight - blur_amount: [0=no blur, 255=max blur])
 void Segment::box_blur(uint16_t i, bool vertical, fract8 blur_amount) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  const uint16_t dim1 = vertical ? rows : cols;
@ -437,6 +444,7 @@ void Segment::blur1d(fract8 blur_amount) {
 }
 void Segment::moveX(int8_t delta, bool wrap) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  if (!delta || abs(delta) >= cols) return;
@ -454,6 +462,7 @@ void Segment::moveX(int8_t delta, bool wrap) {
 }
 void Segment::moveY(int8_t delta, bool wrap) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  if (!delta || abs(delta) >= rows) return;
@ -489,6 +498,7 @@ void Segment::move(uint8_t dir, uint8_t delta, bool wrap) {
 }
 void Segment::draw_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB col) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  // Bresenham’s Algorithm
  int d = 3 - (2*radius);
  int y = radius, x = 0;
@ -513,6 +523,7 @@ void Segment::draw_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB col) {
 // by stepko, taken from https://editor.soulmatelights.com/gallery/573-blobs
 void Segment::fill_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB col) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  for (int16_t y = -radius; y <= radius; y++) {
@ -526,6 +537,7 @@ void Segment::fill_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB col) {
 }
 void Segment::nscale8(uint8_t scale) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  for(uint16_t y = 0; y < rows; y++) for (uint16_t x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
@ -535,6 +547,7 @@ void Segment::nscale8(uint8_t scale) {
 //line function
 void Segment::drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint32_t c) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  if (x0 >= cols || x1 >= cols || y0 >= rows || y1 >= rows) return;
@ -558,7 +571,8 @@ void Segment::drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint3
 // draws a raster font character on canvas
 // only supports: 4x6=24, 5x8=40, 5x12=60, 6x8=48 and 7x9=63 fonts ATM
-void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t col2) {
+void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t col2, int8_t rotate) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  if (chr < 32 || chr > 126) return; // only ASCII 32-126 supported
  chr -= 32; // align with font table entries
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
@ -570,9 +584,6 @@ void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w,
  //if (w<5 || w>6 || h!=8) return;
  for (int i = 0; i<h; i++) { // character height
    int16_t y0 = y + i;
    if (y0 < 0) continue; // drawing off-screen
    if (y0 >= rows) break; // drawing off-screen
    uint8_t bits = 0;
    switch (font) {
      case 24: bits = pgm_read_byte_near(&console_font_4x6[(chr * h) + i]); break;  // 5x8 font
@ -584,8 +595,16 @@ void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w,
    }
    col = ColorFromPalette(grad, (i+1)*255/h, 255, NOBLEND);
    for (int j = 0; j<w; j++) { // character width
-      int16_t x0 = x + (w-1) - j;
+      int x0, y0;
-      if ((x0 >= 0 || x0 < cols) && ((bits>>(j+(8-w))) & 0x01)) { // bit set & drawing on-screen
+      switch (rotate) {
        case -1: x0 = x + (h-1) - i; y0 = y + (w-1) - j; break; // -90 deg
        case -2:
        case  2: x0 = x + j;         y0 = y + (h-1) - i; break; // 180 deg
        case  1: x0 = x + i;         y0 = y + j;         break; // +90 deg
        default: x0 = x + (w-1) - j; y0 = y + i;         break; // no rotation
      }
      if (x0 < 0 || x0 >= cols || y0 < 0 || y0 >= rows) continue; // drawing off-screen
      if (((bits>>(j+(8-w))) & 0x01)) { // bit set
        setPixelColorXY(x0, y0, col);
      }
    }
@ -594,6 +613,7 @@ void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w,
 #define WU_WEIGHT(a,b) ((uint8_t) (((a)*(b)+(a)+(b))>>8))
 void Segment::wu_pixel(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, CRGB c) {      //awesome wu_pixel procedure by reddit u/sutaburosu
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  // extract the fractional parts and derive their inverses
  uint8_t xx = x & 0xff, yy = y & 0xff, ix = 255 - xx, iy = 255 - yy;
  // calculate the intensities for each affected pixel
--- a/wled00/FX_fcn.cpp
+++ b/wled00/FX_fcn.cpp
@ -74,30 +74,36 @@
 // Segment class implementation
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 uint16_t Segment::_usedSegmentData = 0U; // amount of RAM all segments use for their data[]
 CRGB    *Segment::_globalLeds = nullptr;
 uint16_t Segment::maxWidth = DEFAULT_LED_COUNT;
 uint16_t Segment::maxHeight = 1;
 CRGBPalette16 Segment::_randomPalette = CRGBPalette16(DEFAULT_COLOR);
 CRGBPalette16 Segment::_newRandomPalette = CRGBPalette16(DEFAULT_COLOR);
 unsigned long Segment::_lastPaletteChange = 0; // perhaps it should be per segment
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
 bool Segment::_modeBlend = false;
 #endif
 // copy constructor
 Segment::Segment(const Segment &orig) {
-  //DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("-- Copy segment constructor --"));
+  //DEBUG_PRINTF("-- Copy segment constructor: %p -> %p\n", &orig, this);
  memcpy((void*)this, (void*)&orig, sizeof(Segment));
  transitional = false; // copied segment cannot be in transition
  name = nullptr;
  data = nullptr;
  _dataLen = 0;
  _t = nullptr;
  if (leds && !Segment::_globalLeds) leds = nullptr;
  if (orig.name) { name = new char[strlen(orig.name)+1]; if (name) strcpy(name, orig.name); }
  if (orig.data) { if (allocateData(orig._dataLen)) memcpy(data, orig.data, orig._dataLen); }
-  if (orig._t)   { _t = new Transition(orig._t->_dur, orig._t->_briT, orig._t->_cctT, orig._t->_colorT); }
+  //if (orig._t)   { _t = new Transition(orig._t->_dur); }
  if (orig.leds && !Segment::_globalLeds && length() > 0) { leds = (CRGB*)malloc(sizeof(CRGB)*length()); if (leds) memcpy(leds, orig.leds, sizeof(CRGB)*length()); }
 }
 // move constructor
 Segment::Segment(Segment &&orig) noexcept {
-  //DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("-- Move segment constructor --"));
+  //DEBUG_PRINTF("-- Move segment constructor: %p -> %p\n", &orig, this);
  memcpy((void*)this, (void*)&orig, sizeof(Segment));
-  orig.leds = nullptr;
+  orig.transitional = false; // old segment cannot be in transition any more
  orig.name = nullptr;
  orig.data = nullptr;
  orig._dataLen = 0;
@ -106,71 +112,93 @@ Segment::Segment(Segment &&orig) noexcept {
 // copy assignment
 Segment& Segment::operator= (const Segment &orig) {
-  //DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("-- Copying segment --"));
+  //DEBUG_PRINTF("-- Copying segment: %p -> %p\n", &orig, this);
  if (this != &orig) {
    // clean destination
    transitional = false; // copied segment cannot be in transition
    if (name) delete[] name;
-    if (_t)   delete _t;
+    if (_t) {
-    if (leds && !Segment::_globalLeds) {free(leds); leds=nullptr;} 
+      #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
      if (_t->_segT._dataT) free(_t->_segT._dataT);
      #endif
      delete _t;
    }
    deallocateData();
    // copy source
    memcpy((void*)this, (void*)&orig, sizeof(Segment));
    transitional = false;
    // erase pointers to allocated data
    name = nullptr;
    data = nullptr;
    _dataLen = 0;
    _t = nullptr;
    if (!Segment::_globalLeds) leds = nullptr;
    // copy source data
    if (orig.name) { name = new char[strlen(orig.name)+1]; if (name) strcpy(name, orig.name); }
    if (orig.data) { if (allocateData(orig._dataLen)) memcpy(data, orig.data, orig._dataLen); }
-    if (orig._t)   { _t = new Transition(orig._t->_dur, orig._t->_briT, orig._t->_cctT, orig._t->_colorT); }
+    //if (orig._t)   { _t = new Transition(orig._t->_dur, orig._t->_briT, orig._t->_cctT, orig._t->_colorT); }
    if (orig.leds && !Segment::_globalLeds && length() > 0) { leds = (CRGB*)malloc(sizeof(CRGB)*length()); if (leds) memcpy(leds, orig.leds, sizeof(CRGB)*length()); }
  }
  return *this;
 }
 // move assignment
 Segment& Segment::operator= (Segment &&orig) noexcept {
-  //DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("-- Moving segment --"));
+  //DEBUG_PRINTF("-- Moving segment: %p -> %p\n", &orig, this);
  if (this != &orig) {
-    if (name) delete[] name; // free old name
+    transitional = false; // just temporary
    if (name) { delete[] name; name = nullptr; } // free old name
    deallocateData(); // free old runtime data
-    if (_t) delete _t;
+    if (_t) {
-    if (leds && !Segment::_globalLeds) {free(leds); leds=nullptr;}
+      #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
      if (_t->_segT._dataT) free(_t->_segT._dataT);
      #endif
      delete _t;
      _t = nullptr;
    }
    memcpy((void*)this, (void*)&orig, sizeof(Segment));
    orig.transitional = false; // old segment cannot be in transition
    orig.name = nullptr;
    orig.data = nullptr;
    orig._dataLen = 0;
    orig._t   = nullptr;
    orig.leds = nullptr;
  }
  return *this;
 }
 bool Segment::allocateData(size_t len) {
  if (data && _dataLen == len) return true; //already allocated
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--   Allocating data (%d): %p\n", len, this);
  deallocateData();
-  if (Segment::getUsedSegmentData() + len > MAX_SEGMENT_DATA) return false; //not enough memory
+  if (len == 0) return(false); // nothing to do
  if (Segment::getUsedSegmentData() + len > MAX_SEGMENT_DATA) {
    // not enough memory
    DEBUG_PRINT(F("!!! Effect RAM depleted: "));
    DEBUG_PRINTF("%d/%d !!!\n", len, Segment::getUsedSegmentData());
    return false;
  }
  // do not use SPI RAM on ESP32 since it is slow
  //#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32) && defined(BOARD_HAS_PSRAM) && defined(WLED_USE_PSRAM)
  //if (psramFound())
  //  data = (byte*) ps_malloc(len);
  //else
  //#endif
  data = (byte*) malloc(len);
-  if (!data) return false; //allocation failed
+  if (!data) { DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("!!! Allocation failed. !!!")); return false; } //allocation failed
  Segment::addUsedSegmentData(len);
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("---  Allocated data (%p): %d/%d -> %p\n", this, len, Segment::getUsedSegmentData(), data);
  _dataLen = len;
  memset(data, 0, len);
  return true;
 }
 void Segment::deallocateData() {
-  if (!data) return;
+  if (!data) { _dataLen = 0; return; }
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("---  Released data (%p): %d/%d -> %p\n", this, _dataLen, Segment::getUsedSegmentData(), data);
  if ((Segment::getUsedSegmentData() > 0) && (_dataLen > 0)) { // check that we don't have a dangling / inconsistent data pointer
    free(data);
  } else {
    DEBUG_PRINT(F("---- Released data "));
    DEBUG_PRINTF("(%p): ", this);
    DEBUG_PRINT(F("inconsistent UsedSegmentData "));
    DEBUG_PRINTF("(%d/%d)", _dataLen, Segment::getUsedSegmentData());
    DEBUG_PRINTLN(F(", cowardly refusing to free nothing."));
  }
  data = nullptr;
-  Segment::addUsedSegmentData(-_dataLen);
+  Segment::addUsedSegmentData(_dataLen <= Segment::getUsedSegmentData() ? -_dataLen : -Segment::getUsedSegmentData());
  _dataLen = 0;
 }
@ -182,38 +210,14 @@ void Segment::deallocateData() {
  * may free that data buffer.
  */
 void Segment::resetIfRequired() {
-  if (reset) {
+  if (!reset) return;
-    if (leds && !Segment::_globalLeds) { free(leds); leds = nullptr; }
+  //DEBUG_PRINTF("-- Segment reset: %p\n", this);
    //if (transitional && _t) { transitional = false; delete _t; _t = nullptr; }
  deallocateData();
  next_time = 0; step = 0; call = 0; aux0 = 0; aux1 = 0;
-    reset = false; // setOption(SEG_OPTION_RESET, false);
+  reset = false;
  }
 }
 void Segment::setUpLeds() {
  // deallocation happens in resetIfRequired() as it is called when segment changes or in destructor
  if (Segment::_globalLeds)
    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
    leds = &Segment::_globalLeds[start + startY*Segment::maxWidth];
    #else
    leds = &Segment::_globalLeds[start];
    #endif
  else if (leds == nullptr && length() > 0) { //softhack007 quickfix - avoid malloc(0) which is undefined behaviour (should not happen, but i've seen it)
    //#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32) && defined(WLED_USE_PSRAM)
    //if (psramFound())
    //  leds = (CRGB*)ps_malloc(sizeof(CRGB)*length());   // softhack007 disabled; putting leds into psram leads to horrible slowdown on WROVER boards
    //else
    //#endif
      leds = (CRGB*)malloc(sizeof(CRGB)*length());
  }
 }
 CRGBPalette16 &Segment::loadPalette(CRGBPalette16 &targetPalette, uint8_t pal) {
  static unsigned long _lastPaletteChange = 0; // perhaps it should be per segment
  static CRGBPalette16 randomPalette = CRGBPalette16(DEFAULT_COLOR);
  static CRGBPalette16 prevRandomPalette = CRGBPalette16(CRGB(BLACK));
  byte tcp[72];
  if (pal < 245 && pal > GRADIENT_PALETTE_COUNT+13) pal = 0;
  if (pal > 245 && (strip.customPalettes.size() == 0 || 255U-pal > strip.customPalettes.size()-1)) pal = 0;
  //default palette. Differs depending on effect
@ -234,27 +238,18 @@ CRGBPalette16 &Segment::loadPalette(CRGBPalette16 &targetPalette, uint8_t pal) {
    case 0: //default palette. Exceptions for specific effects above
      targetPalette = PartyColors_p; break;
    case 1: {//periodically replace palette with a random one. Transition palette change in 500ms
-      uint32_t timeSinceLastChange = millis() - _lastPaletteChange;
+      unsigned long timeSinceLastChange = millis() - _lastPaletteChange;
      if (timeSinceLastChange > randomPaletteChangeTime * 1000U) {
-        prevRandomPalette = randomPalette;
+        _randomPalette = _newRandomPalette;
-        randomPalette = CRGBPalette16(
+        _newRandomPalette = CRGBPalette16(
                        CHSV(random8(), random8(160, 255), random8(128, 255)),
                        CHSV(random8(), random8(160, 255), random8(128, 255)),
                        CHSV(random8(), random8(160, 255), random8(128, 255)),
                        CHSV(random8(), random8(160, 255), random8(128, 255)));
        _lastPaletteChange = millis();
-        timeSinceLastChange = 0;
+        handleRandomPalette(); // do a 1st pass of blend
      }
      if (timeSinceLastChange <= 250) {
        targetPalette = prevRandomPalette;
        // there needs to be 255 palette blends (48) for full blend but that is too resource intensive
        // so 128 is a compromise (we need to perform full blend of the two palettes as each segment can have random
        // palette selected but only 2 static palettes are used)
        size_t noOfBlends = ((128U * timeSinceLastChange) / 250U);
        for (size_t i=0; i<noOfBlends; i++) nblendPaletteTowardPalette(targetPalette, randomPalette, 48);
      } else {
        targetPalette = randomPalette;
      }
      targetPalette = _randomPalette;
      break;}
    case 2: {//primary color only
      CRGB prim = gamma32(colors[0]);
@ -296,6 +291,7 @@ CRGBPalette16 &Segment::loadPalette(CRGBPalette16 &targetPalette, uint8_t pal) {
      if (pal>245) {
        targetPalette = strip.customPalettes[255-pal]; // we checked bounds above
      } else {
        byte tcp[72];
        memcpy_P(tcp, (byte*)pgm_read_dword(&(gGradientPalettes[pal-13])), 72);
        targetPalette.loadDynamicGradientPalette(tcp);
      }
@ -306,11 +302,8 @@ CRGBPalette16 &Segment::loadPalette(CRGBPalette16 &targetPalette, uint8_t pal) {
 void Segment::startTransition(uint16_t dur) {
  if (!dur) {
-    transitional = false;
+    if (_t) _t->_dur = dur; // this will stop transition in next handleTransisiton()
-    if (_t) {
+    else    transitional = false;
      delete _t;
      _t = nullptr;
    }
    return;
  }
  if (transitional && _t) return; // already in transition no need to store anything
@ -319,48 +312,169 @@ void Segment::startTransition(uint16_t dur) {
  _t = new Transition(dur); // no previous transition running
  if (!_t) return; // failed to allocate data
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("-- Started transition: %p\n", this);
  CRGBPalette16 _palT = CRGBPalette16(DEFAULT_COLOR); loadPalette(_palT, palette);
  _t->_palT           = _palT;
  _t->_briT           = on ? opacity : 0;
  _t->_cctT           = cct;
-  _t->_palT  = _palT;
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
-  _t->_modeP = mode;
+  swapSegenv(_t->_segT);
  _t->_modeT          = mode;
  _t->_segT._optionsT |= 0b0000000001000000; // mark old segment transitional
  _t->_segT._dataLenT = 0;
  _t->_segT._dataT    = nullptr;
  if (_dataLen > 0 && data) {
    _t->_segT._dataT = (byte *)malloc(_dataLen);
    if (_t->_segT._dataT) {
      //DEBUG_PRINTF("--  Allocated duplicate data (%d): %p\n", _dataLen, _t->_segT._dataT);
      memcpy(_t->_segT._dataT, data, _dataLen);
      _t->_segT._dataLenT = _dataLen;
    }
  }
 #else
  for (size_t i=0; i<NUM_COLORS; i++) _t->_colorT[i] = colors[i];
 #endif
  transitional = true; // setOption(SEG_OPTION_TRANSITIONAL, true);
 }
 void Segment::stopTransition() {
  if (!transitional) return;
  transitional = false; // finish transitioning segment
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("-- Stopping transition: %p\n", this);
  if (_t) {
    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
    if (_t->_segT._dataT && _t->_segT._dataLenT > 0) {
      //DEBUG_PRINTF("--  Released duplicate data (%d): %p\n", _t->_segT._dataLenT, _t->_segT._dataT);
      free(_t->_segT._dataT);
      _t->_segT._dataT = nullptr;
      _t->_segT._dataLenT = 0;
    }
    #endif
    delete _t;
    _t = nullptr;
  }
 }
 void Segment::handleTransition() {
  if (!transitional) return;
  uint16_t _progress = progress();
  if (_progress == 0xFFFFU) stopTransition();
 }
 // transition progression between 0-65535
 uint16_t Segment::progress() {
-  if (!transitional || !_t) return 0xFFFFU;
+  if (transitional && _t) {
-  uint32_t timeNow = millis();
+    unsigned long timeNow = millis();
-  if (timeNow - _t->_start > _t->_dur || _t->_dur == 0) return 0xFFFFU;
+    if (_t->_dur > 0 && timeNow - _t->_start < _t->_dur) return (timeNow - _t->_start) * 0xFFFFU / _t->_dur;
  return (timeNow - _t->_start) * 0xFFFFU / _t->_dur;
  }
  return 0xFFFFU;
 }
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
 void Segment::swapSegenv(tmpsegd_t &tmpSeg) {
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--  Saving temp seg: %p (%p)\n", this, tmpSeg);
  tmpSeg._optionsT   = options;
  for (size_t i=0; i<NUM_COLORS; i++) tmpSeg._colorT[i] = colors[i];
  tmpSeg._speedT     = speed;
  tmpSeg._intensityT = intensity;
  tmpSeg._custom1T   = custom1;
  tmpSeg._custom2T   = custom2;
  tmpSeg._custom3T   = custom3;
  tmpSeg._check1T    = check1;
  tmpSeg._check2T    = check2;
  tmpSeg._check3T    = check3;
  tmpSeg._aux0T      = aux0;
  tmpSeg._aux1T      = aux1;
  tmpSeg._stepT      = step;
  tmpSeg._callT      = call;
  tmpSeg._dataT      = data;
  tmpSeg._dataLenT   = _dataLen;
  if (_t && &tmpSeg != &(_t->_segT)) {
    // swap SEGENV with transitional data
    options   = _t->_segT._optionsT;
    for (size_t i=0; i<NUM_COLORS; i++) colors[i] = _t->_segT._colorT[i];
    speed     = _t->_segT._speedT;
    intensity = _t->_segT._intensityT;
    custom1   = _t->_segT._custom1T;
    custom2   = _t->_segT._custom2T;
    custom3   = _t->_segT._custom3T;
    check1    = _t->_segT._check1T;
    check2    = _t->_segT._check2T;
    check3    = _t->_segT._check3T;
    aux0      = _t->_segT._aux0T;
    aux1      = _t->_segT._aux1T;
    step      = _t->_segT._stepT;
    call      = _t->_segT._callT;
    data      = _t->_segT._dataT;
    _dataLen  = _t->_segT._dataLenT;
  }
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--   temp seg data: %p (%d,%p)\n", this, _dataLen, data);
 }
 void Segment::restoreSegenv(tmpsegd_t &tmpSeg) {
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--  Restoring temp seg: %p (%p)\n", this, tmpSeg);
  if (_t && &(_t->_segT) != &tmpSeg) {
    // update possibly changed variables to keep old effect running correctly
    _t->_segT._aux0T = aux0;
    _t->_segT._aux1T = aux1;
    _t->_segT._stepT = step;
    _t->_segT._callT = call;
    //if (_t->_segT._dataT != data) DEBUG_PRINTF("---  data re-allocated: (%p) %p -> %p\n", this, _t->_segT._dataT, data);
    _t->_segT._dataT = data;        // sometimes memory gets re-allocated (!! INVESTIGATE WHY !!)
    _t->_segT._dataLenT = _dataLen; // sometimes memory gets re-allocated (!! INVESTIGATE WHY !!)
  }
  options   = tmpSeg._optionsT;
  for (size_t i=0; i<NUM_COLORS; i++) colors[i] = tmpSeg._colorT[i];
  speed     = tmpSeg._speedT;
  intensity = tmpSeg._intensityT;
  custom1   = tmpSeg._custom1T;
  custom2   = tmpSeg._custom2T;
  custom3   = tmpSeg._custom3T;
  check1    = tmpSeg._check1T;
  check2    = tmpSeg._check2T;
  check3    = tmpSeg._check3T;
  aux0      = tmpSeg._aux0T;
  aux1      = tmpSeg._aux1T;
  step      = tmpSeg._stepT;
  call      = tmpSeg._callT;
  data      = tmpSeg._dataT;
  _dataLen  = tmpSeg._dataLenT;
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--   temp seg data: %p (%d,%p)\n", this, _dataLen, data);
 }
 #endif
 uint8_t Segment::currentBri(uint8_t briNew, bool useCct) {
  uint32_t prog = progress();
-  if (transitional && _t && prog < 0xFFFFU) {
+  if (prog < 0xFFFFU) {
    if (useCct) return ((briNew * prog) + _t->_cctT * (0xFFFFU - prog)) >> 16;
    else        return ((briNew * prog) + _t->_briT * (0xFFFFU - prog)) >> 16;
  } else {
    return briNew;
  }
  return briNew;
 }
 uint8_t Segment::currentMode(uint8_t newMode) {
-  return (progress()>32767U) ? newMode : _t->_modeP; // change effect in the middle of transition
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
  uint16_t prog = progress(); // implicit check for transitional & _t in progress()
  if (prog < 0xFFFFU) return _t->_modeT;
 #endif
  return newMode;
 }
 uint32_t Segment::currentColor(uint8_t slot, uint32_t colorNew) {
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
  return transitional && _t ? color_blend(_t->_segT._colorT[slot], colorNew, progress(), true) : colorNew;
 #else
  return transitional && _t ? color_blend(_t->_colorT[slot], colorNew, progress(), true) : colorNew;
 #endif
 }
 CRGBPalette16 &Segment::currentPalette(CRGBPalette16 &targetPalette, uint8_t pal) {
  loadPalette(targetPalette, pal);
-  if (transitional && _t && progress() < 0xFFFFU) {
+  if (progress() < 0xFFFFU) {
    // blend palettes
    // there are about 255 blend passes of 48 "blends" to completely blend two palettes (in _dur time)
    // minimum blend time is 100ms maximum is 65535ms
-    uint32_t timeMS = millis() - _t->_start;
+    unsigned long timeMS = millis() - _t->_start;
    uint16_t noOfBlends = (255U * timeMS / _t->_dur) - _t->_prevPaletteBlends;
    for (int i=0; i<noOfBlends; i++, _t->_prevPaletteBlends++) nblendPaletteTowardPalette(_t->_palT, targetPalette, 48);
    targetPalette = _t->_palT; // copy transitioning/temporary palette
@ -368,20 +482,15 @@ CRGBPalette16 &Segment::currentPalette(CRGBPalette16 &targetPalette, uint8_t pal
  return targetPalette;
 }
-void Segment::handleTransition() {
+// relies on WS2812FX::service() to call it max every 8ms or more (MIN_SHOW_DELAY)
-  if (!transitional) return;
+void Segment::handleRandomPalette() {
-  uint16_t _progress = progress();
+  // just do a blend; if the palettes are identical it will just compare 48 bytes (same as _randomPalette == _newRandomPalette)
-  if (_progress == 0xFFFFU) transitional = false; // finish transitioning segment
+  // this will slowly blend _newRandomPalette into _randomPalette every 15ms or 8ms (depending on MIN_SHOW_DELAY)
-  if (_t) { // thanks to @nXm AKA https://github.com/NMeirer
+  nblendPaletteTowardPalette(_randomPalette, _newRandomPalette, 48);
    if (_progress >= 32767U && _t->_modeP != mode) markForReset();
    if (_progress == 0xFFFFU) {
      delete _t;
      _t = nullptr;
    }
  }
 }
-void Segment::setUp(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp, uint8_t spc, uint16_t ofs, uint16_t i1Y, uint16_t i2Y) {
+// segId is given when called from network callback, changes are queued if that segment is currently in its effect function
 void Segment::setUp(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp, uint8_t spc, uint16_t ofs, uint16_t i1Y, uint16_t i2Y, uint8_t segId) {
  // return if neither bounds nor grouping have changed
  bool boundsUnchanged = (start == i1 && stop == i2);
  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
@ -391,10 +500,22 @@ void Segment::setUp(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp, uint8_t spc, uint16_t
      && (!grp || (grouping == grp && spacing == spc))
      && (ofs == UINT16_MAX || ofs == offset)) return;
-  if (stop) fill(BLACK); //turn old segment range off
+  if (stop) fill(BLACK); // turn old segment range off (clears pixels if changing spacing)
  if (grp) { // prevent assignment of 0
    grouping = grp;
    spacing = spc;
  } else {
    grouping = 1;
    spacing = 0;
  }
  if (ofs < UINT16_MAX) offset = ofs;
  markForReset();
  if (boundsUnchanged) return;
  // apply change immediately
  if (i2 <= i1) { //disable segment
    stop = 0;
    markForReset();
    return;
  }
  if (i1 < Segment::maxWidth || (i1 >= Segment::maxWidth*Segment::maxHeight && i1 < strip.getLengthTotal())) start = i1; // Segment::maxWidth equals strip.getLengthTotal() for 1D
@ -407,13 +528,12 @@ void Segment::setUp(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp, uint8_t spc, uint16_t
    stopY = i2Y > Segment::maxHeight ? Segment::maxHeight : MAX(1,i2Y);
  }
  #endif
-  if (grp) {
+  // safety check
-    grouping = grp;
+  if (start >= stop || startY >= stopY) {
-    spacing = spc;
+    stop = 0;
    return;
  }
-  if (ofs < UINT16_MAX) offset = ofs;
+  refreshLightCapabilities();
  markForReset();
  if (!boundsUnchanged) refreshLightCapabilities();
 }
@ -444,6 +564,7 @@ void Segment::setCCT(uint16_t k) {
 void Segment::setOpacity(uint8_t o) {
  if (opacity == o) return;
  if (fadeTransition) startTransition(strip.getTransition()); // start transition prior to change
  DEBUG_PRINT(F("-- Setting opacity: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(o);
  opacity = o;
  stateChanged = true; // send UDP/WS broadcast
 }
@ -460,10 +581,8 @@ void Segment::setMode(uint8_t fx, bool loadDefaults) {
  // if we have a valid mode & is not reserved
  if (fx < strip.getModeCount() && strncmp_P("RSVD", strip.getModeData(fx), 4)) {
    if (fx != mode) {
-      startTransition(strip.getTransition()); // set effect transitions
+      if (fadeTransition) startTransition(strip.getTransition()); // set effect transitions
      //markForReset(); // transition will handle this
      mode = fx;
      // load default values from effect string
      if (loadDefaults) {
        int16_t sOpt;
@ -483,6 +602,7 @@ void Segment::setMode(uint8_t fx, bool loadDefaults) {
        sOpt = extractModeDefaults(fx, "mY");   if (sOpt >= 0) mirror_y  = (bool)sOpt; // NOTE: setting this option is a risky business
        sOpt = extractModeDefaults(fx, "pal");  if (sOpt >= 0) setPalette(sOpt); //else setPalette(0);
      }
      markForReset();
      stateChanged = true; // send UDP/WS broadcast
    }
  }
@ -546,8 +666,7 @@ uint16_t Segment::virtualLength() const {
    return vLen;
  }
 #endif
-  uint16_t groupLen = groupLength();
+  uint16_t groupLen = groupLength(); // is always >= 1
  if (groupLen < 1) groupLen = 1;          // prevent division by zero - better safe than sorry ...
  uint16_t vLength = (length() + groupLen - 1) / groupLen;
  if (mirror) vLength = (vLength + 1) /2;  // divide by 2 if mirror, leave at least a single LED
  return vLength;
@ -555,6 +674,7 @@ uint16_t Segment::virtualLength() const {
 void IRAM_ATTR Segment::setPixelColor(int i, uint32_t col)
 {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  int vStrip = i>>16; // hack to allow running on virtual strips (2D segment columns/rows)
 #endif
@ -622,8 +742,6 @@ void IRAM_ATTR Segment::setPixelColor(int i, uint32_t col)
  }
 #endif
  if (leds) leds[i] = col;
  uint16_t len = length();
  uint8_t _bri_t = currentBri(on ? opacity : 0);
  if (_bri_t < 255) {
@ -645,6 +763,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR Segment::setPixelColor(int i, uint32_t col)
  }
  i += start; // starting pixel in a group
  uint32_t tmpCol = col;
  // set all the pixels in the group
  for (int j = 0; j < grouping; j++) {
    uint16_t indexSet = i + ((reverse) ? -j : j);
@ -653,11 +772,17 @@ void IRAM_ATTR Segment::setPixelColor(int i, uint32_t col)
        uint16_t indexMir = stop - indexSet + start - 1;
        indexMir += offset; // offset/phase
        if (indexMir >= stop) indexMir -= len; // wrap
-        strip.setPixelColor(indexMir, col);
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
        if (_modeBlend) tmpCol = color_blend(strip.getPixelColor(indexMir), col, 0xFFFFU - progress(), true);
 #endif
        strip.setPixelColor(indexMir, tmpCol);
      }
      indexSet += offset; // offset/phase
      if (indexSet >= stop) indexSet -= len; // wrap
-      strip.setPixelColor(indexSet, col);
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
      if (_modeBlend) tmpCol = color_blend(strip.getPixelColor(indexSet), col, 0xFFFFU - progress(), true);
 #endif
      strip.setPixelColor(indexSet, tmpCol);
    }
  }
 }
@ -665,6 +790,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR Segment::setPixelColor(int i, uint32_t col)
 // anti-aliased normalized version of setPixelColor()
 void Segment::setPixelColor(float i, uint32_t col, bool aa)
 {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  int vStrip = int(i/10.0f); // hack to allow running on virtual strips (2D segment columns/rows)
  i -= int(i);
@ -696,6 +822,7 @@ void Segment::setPixelColor(float i, uint32_t col, bool aa)
 uint32_t Segment::getPixelColor(int i)
 {
  if (!isActive()) return 0; // not active
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  int vStrip = i>>16;
 #endif
@ -723,8 +850,6 @@ uint32_t Segment::getPixelColor(int i)
  }
 #endif
  if (leds) return RGBW32(leds[i].r, leds[i].g, leds[i].b, 0);
  if (reverse) i = virtualLength() - i - 1;
  i *= groupLength();
  i += start;
@ -765,6 +890,11 @@ void Segment::refreshLightCapabilities() {
  uint16_t segStartIdx = 0xFFFFU;
  uint16_t segStopIdx  = 0;
  if (!isActive()) {
    _capabilities = 0;
    return;
  }
  if (start < Segment::maxWidth * Segment::maxHeight) {
    // we are withing 2D matrix (includes 1D segments)
    for (int y = startY; y < stopY; y++) for (int x = start; x < stop; x++) {
@ -809,6 +939,7 @@ void Segment::refreshLightCapabilities() {
 * Fills segment with color
 */
 void Segment::fill(uint32_t c) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = is2D() ? virtualWidth() : virtualLength();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight(); // will be 1 for 1D
  for(uint16_t y = 0; y < rows; y++) for (uint16_t x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
@ -824,6 +955,7 @@ void Segment::blendPixelColor(int n, uint32_t color, uint8_t blend) {
 // Adds the specified color with the existing pixel color perserving color balance.
 void Segment::addPixelColor(int n, uint32_t color, bool fast) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  uint32_t col = getPixelColor(n);
  uint8_t r = R(col);
  uint8_t g = G(col);
@ -842,6 +974,7 @@ void Segment::addPixelColor(int n, uint32_t color, bool fast) {
 }
 void Segment::fadePixelColor(uint16_t n, uint8_t fade) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  CRGB pix = CRGB(getPixelColor(n)).nscale8_video(fade);
  setPixelColor(n, pix);
 }
@ -850,11 +983,12 @@ void Segment::fadePixelColor(uint16_t n, uint8_t fade) {
 * fade out function, higher rate = quicker fade
 */
 void Segment::fade_out(uint8_t rate) {
  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = is2D() ? virtualWidth() : virtualLength();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight(); // will be 1 for 1D
  rate = (255-rate) >> 1;
-  float mappedRate = float(rate) +1.1;
+  float mappedRate = float(rate) +1.1f;
  uint32_t color = colors[1]; // SEGCOLOR(1); // target color
  int w2 = W(color);
@ -887,7 +1021,7 @@ void Segment::fade_out(uint8_t rate) {
 // fades all pixels to black using nscale8()
 void Segment::fadeToBlackBy(uint8_t fadeBy) {
-  if (fadeBy == 0) return;   // optimization - no scaling to apply
+  if (!isActive() || fadeBy == 0) return;   // optimization - no scaling to apply
  const uint16_t cols = is2D() ? virtualWidth() : virtualLength();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight(); // will be 1 for 1D
@ -902,7 +1036,7 @@ void Segment::fadeToBlackBy(uint8_t fadeBy) {
 */
 void Segment::blur(uint8_t blur_amount)
 {
-  if (blur_amount == 0) return; // optimization: 0 means "don't blur"
+  if (!isActive() || blur_amount == 0) return; // optimization: 0 means "don't blur"
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  if (is2D()) {
    // compatibility with 2D
@ -1068,24 +1202,6 @@ void WS2812FX::finalizeInit(void)
    Segment::maxHeight = 1;
  }
  //initialize leds array. TBD: realloc if nr of leds change
  if (Segment::_globalLeds) {
    purgeSegments(true);
    free(Segment::_globalLeds);
    Segment::_globalLeds = nullptr;
  }
  if (useLedsArray) {
    size_t arrSize = sizeof(CRGB) * getLengthTotal();
    // softhack007 disabled; putting leds into psram leads to horrible slowdown on WROVER boards (see setUpLeds())
    //#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32) && defined(WLED_USE_PSRAM)
    //if (psramFound())
    //  Segment::_globalLeds = (CRGB*) ps_malloc(arrSize);
    //else
    //#endif
      Segment::_globalLeds = (CRGB*) malloc(arrSize);
    if (Segment::_globalLeds && (arrSize > 0)) memset(Segment::_globalLeds, 0, arrSize);
  }
  //segments are created in makeAutoSegments();
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Loading custom palettes"));
  loadCustomPalettes(); // (re)load all custom palettes
@ -1094,13 +1210,14 @@ void WS2812FX::finalizeInit(void)
 }
 void WS2812FX::service() {
-  uint32_t nowUp = millis(); // Be aware, millis() rolls over every 49 days
+  unsigned long nowUp = millis(); // Be aware, millis() rolls over every 49 days
  now = nowUp + timebase;
  if (nowUp - _lastShow < MIN_SHOW_DELAY) return;
  bool doShow = false;
  _isServicing = true;
  _segment_index = 0;
  Segment::handleRandomPalette(); // move it into for loop when each segment has individual random palette
  for (segment &seg : _segments) {
    // process transition (mode changes in the middle of transition)
    seg.handleTransition();
@ -1112,7 +1229,6 @@ void WS2812FX::service() {
    // last condition ensures all solid segments are updated at the same time
    if (nowUp > seg.next_time || _triggered || (doShow && seg.mode == FX_MODE_STATIC))
    {
      if (seg.grouping == 0) seg.grouping = 1; //sanity check
      doShow = true;
      uint16_t delay = FRAMETIME;
@ -1126,26 +1242,49 @@ void WS2812FX::service() {
        if (!cctFromRgb || correctWB) busses.setSegmentCCT(seg.currentBri(seg.cct, true), correctWB);
        for (uint8_t c = 0; c < NUM_COLORS; c++) _colors_t[c] = gamma32(_colors_t[c]);
-        // effect blending (execute previous effect)
+        // Effect blending
-        // actual code may be a bit more involved as effects have runtime data including allocated memory
+        // When two effects are being blended, each may have different segment data, this
-        //if (seg.transitional && seg._modeP) (*_mode[seg._modeP])(progress());
+        // data needs to be saved first and then restored before running previous/transitional mode.
-        delay = (*_mode[seg.currentMode(seg.mode)])();
+        // The blending will largely depend on the effect behaviour since actual output (LEDs) may be
        // overwritten by later effect. To enable seamless blending for every effect, additional LED buffer
        // would need to be allocated for each effect and then blended together for each pixel.
        [[maybe_unused]] uint8_t tmpMode = seg.currentMode(seg.mode);  // this will return old mode while in transition
        delay = (*_mode[seg.mode])();         // run new/current mode
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
        if (seg.mode != tmpMode) {
          Segment::tmpsegd_t _tmpSegData;
          Segment::modeBlend(true);           // set semaphore
          seg.swapSegenv(_tmpSegData);        // temporarily store new mode state (and swap it with transitional state)
          uint16_t d2 = (*_mode[tmpMode])();  // run old mode
          seg.restoreSegenv(_tmpSegData);     // restore mode state (will also update transitional state)
          delay = MIN(delay,d2);              // use shortest delay
          Segment::modeBlend(false);          // unset semaphore
        }
 #endif
        if (seg.mode != FX_MODE_HALLOWEEN_EYES) seg.call++;
        if (seg.transitional && delay > FRAMETIME) delay = FRAMETIME; // force faster updates during transition
      }
      seg.next_time = nowUp + delay;
    }
    if (_segment_index == _queuedChangesSegId) setUpSegmentFromQueuedChanges();
    _segment_index++;
  }
  _virtualSegmentLength = 0;
  busses.setSegmentCCT(-1);
  _isServicing = false;
  _triggered = false;
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
  if (millis() - nowUp > _frametime) DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Slow effects."));
  #endif
  if (doShow) {
    yield();
    show();
  }
-  _triggered = false;
+  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
-  _isServicing = false;
+  if (millis() - nowUp > _frametime) DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Slow strip."));
  #endif
 }
 void IRAM_ATTR WS2812FX::setPixelColor(int i, uint32_t col)
@ -1174,7 +1313,7 @@ uint32_t WS2812FX::getPixelColor(uint16_t i)
 #define MA_FOR_ESP        100 //how much mA does the ESP use (Wemos D1 about 80mA, ESP32 about 120mA)
                              //you can set it to 0 if the ESP is powered by USB and the LEDs by external
-void WS2812FX::estimateCurrentAndLimitBri() {
+uint8_t WS2812FX::estimateCurrentAndLimitBri() {
  //power limit calculation
  //each LED can draw up 195075 "power units" (approx. 53mA)
  //one PU is the power it takes to have 1 channel 1 step brighter per brightness step
@ -1182,35 +1321,28 @@ void WS2812FX::estimateCurrentAndLimitBri() {
  bool useWackyWS2815PowerModel = false;
  byte actualMilliampsPerLed = milliampsPerLed;
  if (ablMilliampsMax < 150 || actualMilliampsPerLed == 0) { //0 mA per LED and too low numbers turn off calculation
    currentMilliamps = 0;
    return _brightness;
  }
  if (milliampsPerLed == 255) {
    useWackyWS2815PowerModel = true;
    actualMilliampsPerLed = 12; // from testing an actual strip
  }
-  if (ablMilliampsMax < 150 || actualMilliampsPerLed == 0) { //0 mA per LED and too low numbers turn off calculation
+  size_t powerBudget = (ablMilliampsMax - MA_FOR_ESP); //100mA for ESP power
    currentMilliamps = 0;
    busses.setBrightness(_brightness);
    return;
  }
  uint16_t pLen = getLengthPhysical();
  uint32_t puPerMilliamp = 195075 / actualMilliampsPerLed;
  uint32_t powerBudget = (ablMilliampsMax - MA_FOR_ESP) * puPerMilliamp; //100mA for ESP power
  if (powerBudget > puPerMilliamp * pLen) { //each LED uses about 1mA in standby, exclude that from power budget
    powerBudget -= puPerMilliamp * pLen;
  } else {
    powerBudget = 0;
  }
  uint32_t powerSum = 0;
  size_t pLen = 0; //getLengthPhysical();
  size_t powerSum = 0;
  for (uint_fast8_t bNum = 0; bNum < busses.getNumBusses(); bNum++) {
    Bus *bus = busses.getBus(bNum);
-    if (bus->getType() >= TYPE_NET_DDP_RGB) continue; //exclude non-physical network busses
+    if (!IS_DIGITAL(bus->getType())) continue; //exclude non-digital network busses
    uint16_t len = bus->getLength();
    pLen += len;
    uint32_t busPowerSum = 0;
    for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) { //sum up the usage of each LED
-      uint32_t c = bus->getPixelColor(i);
+      uint32_t c = bus->getPixelColor(i); // always returns original or restored color without brightness scaling
      byte r = R(c), g = G(c), b = B(c), w = W(c);
      if(useWackyWS2815PowerModel) { //ignore white component on WS2815 power calculation
@ -1222,51 +1354,56 @@ void WS2812FX::estimateCurrentAndLimitBri() {
    if (bus->hasWhite()) { //RGBW led total output with white LEDs enabled is still 50mA, so each channel uses less
      busPowerSum *= 3;
-      busPowerSum = busPowerSum >> 2; //same as /= 4
+      busPowerSum >>= 2; //same as /= 4
    }
    powerSum += busPowerSum;
  }
-  uint32_t powerSum0 = powerSum;
+  if (powerBudget > pLen) { //each LED uses about 1mA in standby, exclude that from power budget
-  //powerSum *= _brightness; // for NPBrightnessBus
+    powerBudget -= pLen;
-  powerSum *= 255;           // no need to scale down powerSum - NPB-LG getPixelColor returns colors scaled down by brightness
+  } else {
    powerBudget = 0;
  }
-  if (powerSum > powerBudget) //scale brightness down to stay in current limit
+  // powerSum has all the values of channels summed (max would be pLen*765 as white is excluded) so convert to milliAmps
-  {
+  powerSum = (powerSum * actualMilliampsPerLed) / 765;
-    float scale = (float)powerBudget / (float)powerSum;
+
  uint8_t newBri = _brightness;
  if (powerSum * _brightness / 255 > powerBudget) { //scale brightness down to stay in current limit
    float scale = (float)(powerBudget * 255) / (float)(powerSum * _brightness);
    uint16_t scaleI = scale * 255;
    uint8_t scaleB = (scaleI > 255) ? 255 : scaleI;
-    uint8_t newBri = scale8(_brightness, scaleB);
+    newBri = scale8(_brightness, scaleB) + 1;
    // to keep brightness uniform, sets virtual busses too - softhack007: apply reductions immediately
    if (scaleB < 255) busses.setBrightness(scaleB, true); // NPB-LG has already applied brightness, so its suffifient to post-apply scaling ==> use scaleB instead of newBri
    busses.setBrightness(newBri, false);                  // set new brightness for next frame
    //currentMilliamps = (powerSum0 * newBri) / puPerMilliamp; // for NPBrightnessBus
    currentMilliamps = (powerSum0 * scaleB) / puPerMilliamp;   // for NPBus-LG
  } else {
    currentMilliamps = powerSum / puPerMilliamp;
    busses.setBrightness(_brightness, false);            // set new brightness for next frame
  }
  currentMilliamps = (powerSum * newBri) / 255;
  currentMilliamps += MA_FOR_ESP; //add power of ESP back to estimate
-  currentMilliamps += pLen; //add standby power back to estimate
+  currentMilliamps += pLen; //add standby power (1mA/LED) back to estimate
  return newBri;
 }
 void WS2812FX::show(void) {
  // avoid race condition, caputre _callback value
  show_callback callback = _callback;
  if (callback) callback();
-  estimateCurrentAndLimitBri();
+  uint8_t newBri = estimateCurrentAndLimitBri();
  busses.setBrightness(newBri); // "repaints" all pixels if brightness changed
  // some buses send asynchronously and this method will return before
  // all of the data has been sent.
  // See https://github.com/Makuna/NeoPixelBus/wiki/ESP32-NeoMethods#neoesp32rmt-methods
  busses.show();
  // restore bus brightness to its original value
  // this is done right after show, so this is only OK if LED updates are completed before show() returns
  // or async show has a separate buffer (ESP32 RMT and I2S are ok)
  if (newBri < _brightness) busses.setBrightness(_brightness);
  unsigned long now = millis();
-  unsigned long diff = now - _lastShow;
+  size_t diff = now - _lastShow;
-  uint16_t fpsCurr = 200;
+  size_t fpsCurr = 200;
  if (diff > 0) fpsCurr = 1000 / diff;
-  _cumulativeFps = (3 * _cumulativeFps + fpsCurr) >> 2;
+  _cumulativeFps = (3 * _cumulativeFps + fpsCurr +2) >> 2;   // "+2" for proper rounding (2/4 = 0.5)
  _lastShow = now;
 }
@ -1298,9 +1435,7 @@ void WS2812FX::setMode(uint8_t segid, uint8_t m) {
  if (m >= getModeCount()) m = getModeCount() - 1;
  if (_segments[segid].mode != m) {
-    _segments[segid].startTransition(_transitionDur); // set effect transitions
+    _segments[segid].setMode(m); // do not load defaults
    //_segments[segid].markForReset();
    _segments[segid].mode = m;
  }
 }
@ -1323,6 +1458,8 @@ void WS2812FX::setCCT(uint16_t k) {
  }
 }
 // direct=true either expects the caller to call show() themselves (realtime modes) or be ok waiting for the next frame for the change to apply
 // direct=false immediately triggers an effect redraw
 void WS2812FX::setBrightness(uint8_t b, bool direct) {
  if (gammaCorrectBri) b = gamma8(b);
  if (_brightness == b) return;
@ -1332,12 +1469,12 @@ void WS2812FX::setBrightness(uint8_t b, bool direct) {
      seg.freeze = false;
    }
  }
-  if (direct) {
+  // setting brightness with NeoPixelBusLg has no effect on already painted pixels,
-    // would be dangerous if applied immediately (could exceed ABL), but will not output until the next show()
+  // so we need to force an update to existing buffer
  busses.setBrightness(b);
-  } else {
+  if (!direct) {
    unsigned long t = millis();
-    if (_segments[0].next_time > t + 22 && t - _lastShow > MIN_SHOW_DELAY) show(); //apply brightness change immediately if no refresh soon
+    if (_segments[0].next_time > t + 22 && t - _lastShow > MIN_SHOW_DELAY) trigger(); //apply brightness change immediately if no refresh soon
  }
 }
@ -1444,9 +1581,32 @@ Segment& WS2812FX::getSegment(uint8_t id) {
  return _segments[id >= _segments.size() ? getMainSegmentId() : id]; // vectors
 }
-void WS2812FX::setSegment(uint8_t n, uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grouping, uint8_t spacing, uint16_t offset, uint16_t startY, uint16_t stopY) {
+// sets new segment bounds, queues if that segment is currently running
-  if (n >= _segments.size()) return;
+void WS2812FX::setSegment(uint8_t segId, uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grouping, uint8_t spacing, uint16_t offset, uint16_t startY, uint16_t stopY) {
-  _segments[n].setUp(i1, i2, grouping, spacing, offset, startY, stopY);
+  if (segId >= getSegmentsNum()) {
    if (i2 <= i1) return; // do not append empty/inactive segments
    appendSegment(Segment(0, strip.getLengthTotal()));
    segId = getSegmentsNum()-1; // segments are added at the end of list
  }
  if (_queuedChangesSegId == segId) _queuedChangesSegId = 255; // cancel queued change if already queued for this segment
  if (segId < getMaxSegments() && segId == getCurrSegmentId() && isServicing()) { // queue change to prevent concurrent access
    // queuing a change for a second segment will lead to the loss of the first change if not yet applied
    // however this is not a problem as the queued change is applied immediately after the effect function in that segment returns
    _qStart  = i1; _qStop   = i2; _qStartY = startY; _qStopY  = stopY;
    _qGrouping = grouping; _qSpacing  = spacing; _qOffset   = offset;
    _queuedChangesSegId = segId;
    return; // queued changes are applied immediately after effect function returns
  }
  _segments[segId].setUp(i1, i2, grouping, spacing, offset, startY, stopY);
 }
 void WS2812FX::setUpSegmentFromQueuedChanges() {
  if (_queuedChangesSegId >= getSegmentsNum()) return;
  getSegment(_queuedChangesSegId).setUp(_qStart, _qStop, _qGrouping, _qSpacing, _qOffset, _qStartY, _qStopY);
  _queuedChangesSegId = 255;
 }
 void WS2812FX::restartRuntime() {
@ -1614,7 +1774,7 @@ void WS2812FX::printSize() {
  DEBUG_PRINTF("Data: %d*%d=%uB\n", sizeof(const char *), _modeData.size(), (_modeData.capacity()*sizeof(const char *)));
  DEBUG_PRINTF("Map: %d*%d=%uB\n", sizeof(uint16_t), (int)customMappingSize, customMappingSize*sizeof(uint16_t));
  size = getLengthTotal();
-  if (useLedsArray) DEBUG_PRINTF("Buffer: %d*%u=%uB\n", sizeof(CRGB), size, size*sizeof(CRGB));
+  if (useGlobalLedBuffer) DEBUG_PRINTF("Buffer: %d*%u=%uB\n", sizeof(CRGB), size, size*sizeof(CRGB));
 }
 #endif
--- a/wled00/bus_manager.cpp
+++ b/wled00/bus_manager.cpp
@ -91,71 +91,132 @@ uint32_t Bus::autoWhiteCalc(uint32_t c) {
  return RGBW32(r, g, b, w);
 }
 uint8_t *Bus::allocData(size_t size) {
  if (_data) free(_data); // should not happen, but for safety
  return _data = (uint8_t *)(size>0 ? calloc(size, sizeof(uint8_t)) : nullptr);
 }
-BusDigital::BusDigital(BusConfig &bc, uint8_t nr, const ColorOrderMap &com) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite), _colorOrderMap(com) {
+
 BusDigital::BusDigital(BusConfig &bc, uint8_t nr, const ColorOrderMap &com)
 : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite, bc.count, bc.reversed, (bc.refreshReq || bc.type == TYPE_TM1814))
 , _skip(bc.skipAmount) //sacrificial pixels
 , _colorOrder(bc.colorOrder)
 , _colorOrderMap(com)
 {
  if (!IS_DIGITAL(bc.type) || !bc.count) return;
  if (!pinManager.allocatePin(bc.pins[0], true, PinOwner::BusDigital)) return;
  _frequencykHz = 0U;
  _pins[0] = bc.pins[0];
  if (IS_2PIN(bc.type)) {
    if (!pinManager.allocatePin(bc.pins[1], true, PinOwner::BusDigital)) {
-    cleanup(); return;
+      cleanup();
      return;
    }
    _pins[1] = bc.pins[1];
    _frequencykHz = bc.frequency ? bc.frequency : 2000U; // 2MHz clock if undefined
  }
  reversed = bc.reversed;
  _needsRefresh = bc.refreshReq || bc.type == TYPE_TM1814;
  _skip = bc.skipAmount;    //sacrificial pixels
  _len = bc.count + _skip;
  _iType = PolyBus::getI(bc.type, _pins, nr);
  if (_iType == I_NONE) return;
-  uint16_t lenToCreate = _len;
+  if (bc.doubleBuffer && !allocData(bc.count * (Bus::hasWhite(_type) + 3*Bus::hasRGB(_type)))) return; //warning: hardcoded channel count
-  if (bc.type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) lenToCreate = NUM_ICS_WS2812_1CH_3X(_len); // only needs a third of "RGB" LEDs for NeoPixelBus 
+  _buffering = bc.doubleBuffer;
-  _busPtr = PolyBus::create(_iType, _pins, lenToCreate, nr, _frequencykHz);
+  uint16_t lenToCreate = bc.count;
  if (bc.type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) lenToCreate = NUM_ICS_WS2812_1CH_3X(bc.count); // only needs a third of "RGB" LEDs for NeoPixelBus
  _busPtr = PolyBus::create(_iType, _pins, lenToCreate + _skip, nr, _frequencykHz);
  _valid = (_busPtr != nullptr);
-  _colorOrder = bc.colorOrder;
+  DEBUG_PRINTF("%successfully inited strip %u (len %u) with type %u and pins %u,%u (itype %u)\n", _valid?"S":"Uns", nr, bc.count, bc.type, _pins[0], _pins[1], _iType);
  DEBUG_PRINTF("%successfully inited strip %u (len %u) with type %u and pins %u,%u (itype %u)\n", _valid?"S":"Uns", nr, _len, bc.type, _pins[0],_pins[1],_iType);
 }
 void BusDigital::show() {
-  PolyBus::show(_busPtr, _iType);
+  if (!_valid) return;
  if (_buffering) { // should be _data != nullptr, but that causes ~20% FPS drop
    size_t channels = Bus::hasWhite(_type) + 3*Bus::hasRGB(_type);
    for (size_t i=0; i<_len; i++) {
      size_t offset = i*channels;
      uint8_t co = _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(i+_start, _colorOrder);
      uint32_t c;
      if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) { // map to correct IC, each controls 3 LEDs (_len is always a multiple of 3)
        switch (i%3) {
          case 0: c = RGBW32(_data[offset]  , _data[offset+1], _data[offset+2], 0); break;
          case 1: c = RGBW32(_data[offset-1], _data[offset]  , _data[offset+1], 0); break;
          case 2: c = RGBW32(_data[offset-2], _data[offset-1], _data[offset]  , 0); break;
        }
      } else {
        c = RGBW32(_data[offset],_data[offset+1],_data[offset+2],(Bus::hasWhite(_type)?_data[offset+3]:0));
      }
      uint16_t pix = i;
      if (_reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
      pix += _skip;
      PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, c, co);
    }
    #if !defined(STATUSLED) || STATUSLED>=0
    if (_skip) PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, 0, 0, _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(_start, _colorOrder)); // paint skipped pixels black
    #endif
    for (int i=1; i<_skip; i++) PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, i, 0, _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(_start, _colorOrder)); // paint skipped pixels black
  }
  PolyBus::show(_busPtr, _iType, !_buffering); // faster if buffer consistency is not important
 }
 bool BusDigital::canShow() {
  if (!_valid) return true;
  return PolyBus::canShow(_busPtr, _iType);
 }
-void BusDigital::setBrightness(uint8_t b, bool immediate) {
+void BusDigital::setBrightness(uint8_t b) {
  if (_bri == b) return;
  //Fix for turning off onboard LED breaking bus
  #ifdef LED_BUILTIN
-  if (_bri == 0 && b > 0) {
+  if (_bri == 0) { // && b > 0, covered by guard if above
-    if (_pins[0] == LED_BUILTIN || _pins[1] == LED_BUILTIN) PolyBus::begin(_busPtr, _iType, _pins);
+    if (_pins[0] == LED_BUILTIN || _pins[1] == LED_BUILTIN) reinit();
  }
  #endif
-  Bus::setBrightness(b, immediate);
+  uint8_t prevBri = _bri;
-  PolyBus::setBrightness(_busPtr, _iType, b, immediate);
+  Bus::setBrightness(b);
  PolyBus::setBrightness(_busPtr, _iType, b);
  if (_buffering) return;
  // must update/repaint every LED in the NeoPixelBus buffer to the new brightness
  // the only case where repainting is unnecessary is when all pixels are set after the brightness change but before the next show
  // (which we can't rely on)
  uint16_t hwLen = _len;
  if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) hwLen = NUM_ICS_WS2812_1CH_3X(_len); // only needs a third of "RGB" LEDs for NeoPixelBus
  for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < hwLen; i++) {
    // use 0 as color order, actual order does not matter here as we just update the channel values as-is
    uint32_t c = restoreColorLossy(PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, i, 0),prevBri);
    PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, i, c, 0);
  }
 }
 //If LEDs are skipped, it is possible to use the first as a status LED.
 //TODO only show if no new show due in the next 50ms
 void BusDigital::setStatusPixel(uint32_t c) {
-  if (_skip && canShow()) {
+  if (_valid && _skip) {
    PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, 0, c, _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(_start, _colorOrder));
-    PolyBus::show(_busPtr, _iType);
+    if (canShow()) PolyBus::show(_busPtr, _iType);
  }
 }
 void IRAM_ATTR BusDigital::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
-  if (_type == TYPE_SK6812_RGBW || _type == TYPE_TM1814 || _type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) c = autoWhiteCalc(c);
+  if (!_valid) return;
  if (Bus::hasWhite(_type)) c = autoWhiteCalc(c);
  if (_cct >= 1900) c = colorBalanceFromKelvin(_cct, c); //color correction from CCT
-  if (reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
+  if (_buffering) { // should be _data != nullptr, but that causes ~20% FPS drop
-  else pix += _skip;
+    size_t channels = Bus::hasWhite(_type) + 3*Bus::hasRGB(_type);
    size_t offset = pix*channels;
    if (Bus::hasRGB(_type)) {
      _data[offset++] = R(c);
      _data[offset++] = G(c);
      _data[offset++] = B(c);
    }
    if (Bus::hasWhite(_type)) _data[offset] = W(c);
  } else {
    if (_reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
    pix += _skip;
    uint8_t co = _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(pix+_start, _colorOrder);
    if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) { // map to correct IC, each controls 3 LEDs
      uint16_t pOld = pix;
      pix = IC_INDEX_WS2812_1CH_3X(pix);
-    uint32_t cOld = PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, co);
+      uint32_t cOld = restoreColorLossy(PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, co),_bri);
      switch (pOld % 3) { // change only the single channel (TODO: this can cause loss because of get/set)
        case 0: c = RGBW32(R(cOld), W(c)   , B(cOld), 0); break;
        case 1: c = RGBW32(W(c)   , G(cOld), B(cOld), 0); break;
@ -164,23 +225,38 @@ void IRAM_ATTR BusDigital::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
    }
    PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, c, co);
  }
 }
 // returns original color if global buffering is enabled, else returns lossly restored color from bus
 uint32_t BusDigital::getPixelColor(uint16_t pix) {
-  if (reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
+  if (!_valid) return 0;
-  else pix += _skip;
+  if (_buffering) { // should be _data != nullptr, but that causes ~20% FPS drop
    size_t channels = Bus::hasWhite(_type) + 3*Bus::hasRGB(_type);
    size_t offset = pix*channels;
    uint32_t c;
    if (!Bus::hasRGB(_type)) {
      c = RGBW32(_data[offset], _data[offset], _data[offset], _data[offset]);
    } else {
      c = RGBW32(_data[offset], _data[offset+1], _data[offset+2], Bus::hasWhite(_type) ? _data[offset+3] : 0);
    }
    return c;
  } else {
    if (_reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
    pix += _skip;
    uint8_t co = _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(pix+_start, _colorOrder);
    uint32_t c = restoreColorLossy(PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, (_type==TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) ? IC_INDEX_WS2812_1CH_3X(pix) : pix, co),_bri);
    if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) { // map to correct IC, each controls 3 LEDs
-    uint16_t pOld = pix;
+      uint8_t r = R(c);
-    pix = IC_INDEX_WS2812_1CH_3X(pix);
+      uint8_t g = _reversed ? B(c) : G(c); // should G and B be switched if _reversed?
-    uint32_t c = PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, co);
+      uint8_t b = _reversed ? G(c) : B(c);
-    switch (pOld % 3) { // get only the single channel
+      switch (pix % 3) { // get only the single channel
-      case 0: c = RGBW32(G(c), G(c), G(c), G(c)); break;
+        case 0: c = RGBW32(g, g, g, g); break;
-      case 1: c = RGBW32(R(c), R(c), R(c), R(c)); break;
+        case 1: c = RGBW32(r, r, r, r); break;
-      case 2: c = RGBW32(B(c), B(c), B(c), B(c)); break;
+        case 2: c = RGBW32(b, b, b, b); break;
      }
    }
    return c;
  }
  return PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, co);
 }
 uint8_t BusDigital::getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) {
@ -196,6 +272,7 @@ void BusDigital::setColorOrder(uint8_t colorOrder) {
 }
 void BusDigital::reinit() {
  if (!_valid) return;
  PolyBus::begin(_busPtr, _iType, _pins);
 }
@ -205,13 +282,15 @@ void BusDigital::cleanup() {
  _iType = I_NONE;
  _valid = false;
  _busPtr = nullptr;
  if (_data != nullptr) freeData();
  pinManager.deallocatePin(_pins[1], PinOwner::BusDigital);
  pinManager.deallocatePin(_pins[0], PinOwner::BusDigital);
 }
-BusPwm::BusPwm(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
+BusPwm::BusPwm(BusConfig &bc)
-  _valid = false;
+: Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite, 1, bc.reversed)
 {
  if (!IS_PWM(bc.type)) return;
  uint8_t numPins = NUM_PWM_PINS(bc.type);
  _frequency = bc.frequency ? bc.frequency : WLED_PWM_FREQ;
@ -239,7 +318,7 @@ BusPwm::BusPwm(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
    ledcAttachPin(_pins[i], _ledcStart + i);
    #endif
  }
-  reversed = bc.reversed;
+  _data = _pwmdata; // avoid malloc() and use stack
  _valid = true;
 }
@ -307,7 +386,7 @@ void BusPwm::show() {
  uint8_t numPins = NUM_PWM_PINS(_type);
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numPins; i++) {
    uint8_t scaled = (_data[i] * _bri) / 255;
-    if (reversed) scaled = 255 - scaled;
+    if (_reversed) scaled = 255 - scaled;
    #ifdef ESP8266
    analogWrite(_pins[i], scaled);
    #else
@ -342,8 +421,10 @@ void BusPwm::deallocatePins() {
 }
-BusOnOff::BusOnOff(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
+BusOnOff::BusOnOff(BusConfig &bc)
-  _valid = false;
+: Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite, 1, bc.reversed)
 , _onoffdata(0)
 {
  if (bc.type != TYPE_ONOFF) return;
  uint8_t currentPin = bc.pins[0];
@ -352,7 +433,7 @@ BusOnOff::BusOnOff(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
  }
  _pin = currentPin; //store only after allocatePin() succeeds
  pinMode(_pin, OUTPUT);
-  reversed = bc.reversed;
+  _data = &_onoffdata; // avoid malloc() and use stack
  _valid = true;
 }
@ -363,18 +444,17 @@ void BusOnOff::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
  uint8_t g = G(c);
  uint8_t b = B(c);
  uint8_t w = W(c);
-
+  _data[0] = bool(r|g|b|w) && bool(_bri) ? 0xFF : 0;
  _data = bool(r|g|b|w) && bool(_bri) ? 0xFF : 0;
 }
 uint32_t BusOnOff::getPixelColor(uint16_t pix) {
  if (!_valid) return 0;
-  return RGBW32(_data, _data, _data, _data);
+  return RGBW32(_data[0], _data[0], _data[0], _data[0]);
 }
 void BusOnOff::show() {
  if (!_valid) return;
-  digitalWrite(_pin, reversed ? !(bool)_data : (bool)_data);
+  digitalWrite(_pin, _reversed ? !(bool)_data[0] : (bool)_data[0]);
 }
 uint8_t BusOnOff::getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) {
@ -384,8 +464,10 @@ uint8_t BusOnOff::getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) {
 }
-BusNetwork::BusNetwork(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
+BusNetwork::BusNetwork(BusConfig &bc)
-  _valid = false;
+: Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite, bc.count)
 , _broadcastLock(false)
 {
  switch (bc.type) {
    case TYPE_NET_ARTNET_RGB:
      _rgbw = false;
@ -401,18 +483,13 @@ BusNetwork::BusNetwork(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
      break;
  }
  _UDPchannels = _rgbw ? 4 : 3;
  _data = (byte *)malloc(bc.count * _UDPchannels);
  if (_data == nullptr) return;
  memset(_data, 0, bc.count * _UDPchannels);
  _len = bc.count;
  _client = IPAddress(bc.pins[0],bc.pins[1],bc.pins[2],bc.pins[3]);
-  _broadcastLock = false;
+  _valid = (allocData(_len * _UDPchannels) != nullptr);
  _valid = true;
 }
 void BusNetwork::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
  if (!_valid || pix >= _len) return;
-  if (hasWhite()) c = autoWhiteCalc(c);
+  if (_rgbw) c = autoWhiteCalc(c);
  if (_cct >= 1900) c = colorBalanceFromKelvin(_cct, c); //color correction from CCT
  uint16_t offset = pix * _UDPchannels;
  _data[offset]   = R(c);
@ -424,7 +501,7 @@ void BusNetwork::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
 uint32_t BusNetwork::getPixelColor(uint16_t pix) {
  if (!_valid || pix >= _len) return 0;
  uint16_t offset = pix * _UDPchannels;
-  return RGBW32(_data[offset], _data[offset+1], _data[offset+2], _rgbw ? (_data[offset+3] << 24) : 0);
+  return RGBW32(_data[offset], _data[offset+1], _data[offset+2], (_rgbw ? _data[offset+3] : 0));
 }
 void BusNetwork::show() {
@ -444,8 +521,7 @@ uint8_t BusNetwork::getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) {
 void BusNetwork::cleanup() {
  _type = I_NONE;
  _valid = false;
-  if (_data != nullptr) free(_data);
+  freeData();
  _data = nullptr;
 }
@ -506,7 +582,7 @@ void BusManager::setStatusPixel(uint32_t c) {
  }
 }
-void IRAM_ATTR BusManager::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c, int16_t cct) {
+void IRAM_ATTR BusManager::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numBusses; i++) {
    Bus* b = busses[i];
    uint16_t bstart = b->getStart();
@ -515,9 +591,9 @@ void IRAM_ATTR BusManager::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c, int16_t cct)
  }
 }
-void BusManager::setBrightness(uint8_t b, bool immediate) {
+void BusManager::setBrightness(uint8_t b) {
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numBusses; i++) {
-    busses[i]->setBrightness(b, immediate);
+    busses[i]->setBrightness(b);
  }
 }
--- a/wled00/bus_manager.h
+++ b/wled00/bus_manager.h
@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 #define IC_INDEX_WS2812_2CH_3X(i)  ((i)*2/3)
 #define WS2812_2CH_3X_SPANS_2_ICS(i) ((i)&0x01)    // every other LED zone is on two different ICs
 // flag for using double buffering in BusDigital
 extern bool useGlobalLedBuffer;
 //temporary struct for passing bus configuration to bus
 struct BusConfig {
  uint8_t type;
@ -30,15 +34,25 @@ struct BusConfig {
  uint8_t autoWhite;
  uint8_t pins[5] = {LEDPIN, 255, 255, 255, 255};
  uint16_t frequency;
-  BusConfig(uint8_t busType, uint8_t* ppins, uint16_t pstart, uint16_t len = 1, uint8_t pcolorOrder = COL_ORDER_GRB, bool rev = false, uint8_t skip = 0, byte aw=RGBW_MODE_MANUAL_ONLY, uint16_t clock_kHz=0U) {
+  bool doubleBuffer;
  BusConfig(uint8_t busType, uint8_t* ppins, uint16_t pstart, uint16_t len = 1, uint8_t pcolorOrder = COL_ORDER_GRB, bool rev = false, uint8_t skip = 0, byte aw=RGBW_MODE_MANUAL_ONLY, uint16_t clock_kHz=0U, bool dblBfr=false)
  : count(len)
  , start(pstart)
  , colorOrder(pcolorOrder)
  , reversed(rev)
  , skipAmount(skip)
  , autoWhite(aw)
  , frequency(clock_kHz)
  , doubleBuffer(dblBfr)
  {
    refreshReq = (bool) GET_BIT(busType,7);
    type = busType & 0x7F;  // bit 7 may be/is hacked to include refresh info (1=refresh in off state, 0=no refresh)
-    count = len; start = pstart; colorOrder = pcolorOrder; reversed = rev; skipAmount = skip; autoWhite = aw; frequency = clock_kHz;
+    size_t nPins = 1;
    uint8_t nPins = 1;
    if (type >= TYPE_NET_DDP_RGB && type < 96) nPins = 4; //virtual network bus. 4 "pins" store IP address
    else if (type > 47) nPins = 2;
    else if (type > 40 && type < 46) nPins = NUM_PWM_PINS(type);
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < nPins; i++) pins[i] = ppins[i];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nPins; i++) pins[i] = ppins[i];
  }
  //validates start and length and extends total if needed
@ -54,6 +68,7 @@ struct BusConfig {
  }
 };
 // Defines an LED Strip and its color ordering.
 struct ColorOrderMapEntry {
  uint16_t start;
@ -64,9 +79,7 @@ struct ColorOrderMapEntry {
 struct ColorOrderMap {
    void add(uint16_t start, uint16_t len, uint8_t colorOrder);
-    uint8_t count() const {
+    uint8_t count() const { return _count; }
      return _count;
    }
    void reset() {
      _count = 0;
@ -87,17 +100,20 @@ struct ColorOrderMap {
    ColorOrderMapEntry _mappings[WLED_MAX_COLOR_ORDER_MAPPINGS];
 };
 //parent class of BusDigital, BusPwm, and BusNetwork
 class Bus {
  public:
-    Bus(uint8_t type, uint16_t start, uint8_t aw)
+    Bus(uint8_t type, uint16_t start, uint8_t aw, uint16_t len = 1, bool reversed = false, bool refresh = false)
-    : _bri(255)
+    : _type(type)
-    , _len(1)
+    , _bri(255)
    , _start(start)
    , _len(len)
    , _reversed(reversed)
    , _valid(false)
-    , _needsRefresh(false)
+    , _needsRefresh(refresh)
    , _data(nullptr) // keep data access consistent across all types of buses
    {
      _type = type;
      _start = start;
      _autoWhiteMode = Bus::hasWhite(_type) ? aw : RGBW_MODE_MANUAL_ONLY;
    };
@ -108,7 +124,7 @@ class Bus {
    virtual void     setStatusPixel(uint32_t c)  {}
    virtual void     setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) = 0;
    virtual uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix) { return 0; }
-    virtual void     setBrightness(uint8_t b, bool immediate=false) { _bri = b; };
+    virtual void     setBrightness(uint8_t b)    { _bri = b; };
    virtual void     cleanup() = 0;
    virtual uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray)  { return 0; }
    virtual uint16_t getLength()                 { return _len; }
@ -116,27 +132,31 @@ class Bus {
    virtual uint8_t  getColorOrder()             { return COL_ORDER_RGB; }
    virtual uint8_t  skippedLeds()               { return 0; }
    virtual uint16_t getFrequency()              { return 0U; }
    inline  void     setReversed(bool reversed)  { _reversed = reversed; }
    inline  uint16_t getStart()                  { return _start; }
    inline  void     setStart(uint16_t start)    { _start = start; }
    inline  uint8_t  getType()                   { return _type; }
    inline  bool     isOk()                      { return _valid; }
    inline  bool     isReversed()                { return _reversed; }
    inline  bool     isOffRefreshRequired()      { return _needsRefresh; }
            bool     containsPixel(uint16_t pix) { return pix >= _start && pix < _start+_len; }
-    virtual bool hasRGB() {
+    virtual bool hasRGB(void) { return Bus::hasRGB(_type); }
-      if ((_type >= TYPE_WS2812_1CH && _type <= TYPE_WS2812_WWA) || _type == TYPE_ANALOG_1CH || _type == TYPE_ANALOG_2CH || _type == TYPE_ONOFF) return false;
+    static  bool hasRGB(uint8_t type) {
      if ((type >= TYPE_WS2812_1CH && type <= TYPE_WS2812_WWA) || type == TYPE_ANALOG_1CH || type == TYPE_ANALOG_2CH || type == TYPE_ONOFF) return false;
      return true;
    }
-    virtual bool hasWhite() { return Bus::hasWhite(_type); }
+    virtual bool hasWhite(void) { return Bus::hasWhite(_type); }
    static  bool hasWhite(uint8_t type) {
      if ((type >= TYPE_WS2812_1CH && type <= TYPE_WS2812_WWA) || type == TYPE_SK6812_RGBW || type == TYPE_TM1814) return true; // digital types with white channel
      if (type > TYPE_ONOFF && type <= TYPE_ANALOG_5CH && type != TYPE_ANALOG_3CH) return true; // analog types with white channel
      if (type == TYPE_NET_DDP_RGBW) return true; // network types with white channel
      return false;
    }
-    virtual bool hasCCT() {
+    virtual bool hasCCT(void) { return Bus::hasCCT(_type); }
-      if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_2CH_X3 || _type == TYPE_WS2812_WWA ||
+    static  bool hasCCT(uint8_t type) {
-          _type == TYPE_ANALOG_2CH    || _type == TYPE_ANALOG_5CH) return true;
+      if (type == TYPE_WS2812_2CH_X3 || type == TYPE_WS2812_WWA ||
          type == TYPE_ANALOG_2CH    || type == TYPE_ANALOG_5CH) return true;
      return false;
    }
    static void setCCT(uint16_t cct) {
@ -155,107 +175,87 @@ class Bus {
    inline static void    setGlobalAWMode(uint8_t m)  { if (m < 5) _gAWM = m; else _gAWM = AW_GLOBAL_DISABLED; }
    inline static uint8_t getGlobalAWMode()           { return _gAWM; }
    bool reversed = false;
  protected:
    uint8_t  _type;
    uint8_t  _bri;
    uint16_t _start;
    uint16_t _len;
    bool     _reversed;
    bool     _valid;
    bool     _needsRefresh;
    uint8_t  _autoWhiteMode;
    uint8_t  *_data;
    static uint8_t _gAWM;
    static int16_t _cct;
    static uint8_t _cctBlend;
    uint32_t autoWhiteCalc(uint32_t c);
    uint8_t *allocData(size_t size = 1);
    void     freeData() { if (_data != nullptr) free(_data); _data = nullptr; }
 };
 class BusDigital : public Bus {
  public:
    BusDigital(BusConfig &bc, uint8_t nr, const ColorOrderMap &com);
    ~BusDigital() { cleanup(); }
-    inline void show();
+    void show();
    bool canShow();
-
+    void setBrightness(uint8_t b);
    void setBrightness(uint8_t b, bool immediate);
    void setStatusPixel(uint32_t c);
    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
    uint8_t getColorOrder() {
      return _colorOrder;
    }
    uint16_t getLength() {
      return _len - _skip;
    }
    uint8_t getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
    void setColorOrder(uint8_t colorOrder);
-
+    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
-    uint8_t skippedLeds() {
+    uint8_t  getColorOrder() { return _colorOrder; }
-      return _skip;
+    uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
-    }
+    uint8_t  skippedLeds()   { return _skip; }
    uint16_t getFrequency()  { return _frequencykHz; }
    void reinit();
    void cleanup();
    ~BusDigital() {
      cleanup();
    }
  private:
-    uint8_t _colorOrder = COL_ORDER_GRB;
+    uint8_t _skip;
-    uint8_t _pins[2] = {255, 255};
+    uint8_t _colorOrder;
-    uint8_t _iType = 0; //I_NONE;
+    uint8_t _pins[2];
-    uint8_t _skip = 0;
+    uint8_t _iType;
-    uint16_t _frequencykHz = 0U;
+    uint16_t _frequencykHz;
-    void * _busPtr = nullptr;
+    void * _busPtr;
    const ColorOrderMap &_colorOrderMap;
    bool _buffering; // temporary until we figure out why comparison "_data != nullptr" causes severe FPS drop
    inline uint32_t restoreColorLossy(uint32_t c, uint8_t restoreBri) {
      if (restoreBri < 255) {
        uint8_t* chan = (uint8_t*) &c;
        for (uint_fast8_t i=0; i<4; i++) {
          uint_fast16_t val = chan[i];
          chan[i] = ((val << 8) + restoreBri) / (restoreBri + 1); //adding _bri slighly improves recovery / stops degradation on re-scale
        }
      }
      return c;
    }
 };
 class BusPwm : public Bus {
  public:
    BusPwm(BusConfig &bc);
    ~BusPwm() { cleanup(); }
    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
-
+    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix); //does no index check
    //does no index check
    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
    void show();
    uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
    uint16_t getFrequency() { return _frequency; }
-
+    void show();
-    void cleanup() {
+    void cleanup() { deallocatePins(); }
      deallocatePins();
    }
    ~BusPwm() {
      cleanup();
    }
  private:
-    uint8_t _pins[5] = {255, 255, 255, 255, 255};
+    uint8_t _pins[5];
-    uint8_t _data[5] = {0};
+    uint8_t _pwmdata[5];
    #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-    uint8_t _ledcStart = 255;
+    uint8_t _ledcStart;
    #endif
-    uint16_t _frequency = 0U;
+    uint16_t _frequency;
    void deallocatePins();
 };
@ -264,72 +264,46 @@ class BusPwm : public Bus {
 class BusOnOff : public Bus {
  public:
    BusOnOff(BusConfig &bc);
    ~BusOnOff() { cleanup(); }
    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
    void show();
    uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
-
+    void show();
-    void cleanup() {
+    void cleanup() { pinManager.deallocatePin(_pin, PinOwner::BusOnOff); }
      pinManager.deallocatePin(_pin, PinOwner::BusOnOff);
    }
    ~BusOnOff() {
      cleanup();
    }
  private:
-    uint8_t _pin = 255;
+    uint8_t _pin;
-    uint8_t _data = 0;
+    uint8_t _onoffdata;
 };
 class BusNetwork : public Bus {
  public:
    BusNetwork(BusConfig &bc);
    ~BusNetwork() { cleanup(); }
    bool hasRGB()   { return true; }
    bool hasWhite() { return _rgbw; }
-
+    bool canShow()  { return !_broadcastLock; } // this should be a return value from UDP routine if it is still sending data out
    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
    void show();
    bool canShow() {
      // this should be a return value from UDP routine if it is still sending data out
      return !_broadcastLock;
    }
    uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
-
+    void show();
    uint16_t getLength() {
      return _len;
    }
    void cleanup();
    ~BusNetwork() {
      cleanup();
    }
  private:
    IPAddress _client;
    uint8_t   _UDPtype;
    uint8_t   _UDPchannels;
    bool      _rgbw;
    bool      _broadcastLock;
    byte     *_data;
 };
 class BusManager {
  public:
-    BusManager() {};
+    BusManager() : numBusses(0) {};
    //utility to get the approx. memory usage of a given BusConfig
    static uint32_t memUsage(BusConfig &bc);
@ -340,38 +314,24 @@ class BusManager {
    void removeAll();
    void show();
    void setStatusPixel(uint32_t c);
    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c, int16_t cct=-1);
    void setBrightness(uint8_t b, bool immediate=false);          // immediate=true is for use in ABL, it applies brightness immediately (warning: inefficient)
    void setSegmentCCT(int16_t cct, bool allowWBCorrection = false);
    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
    bool canAllShow();
    void setStatusPixel(uint32_t c);
    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
    void setBrightness(uint8_t b);
    void setSegmentCCT(int16_t cct, bool allowWBCorrection = false);
    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
    Bus* getBus(uint8_t busNr);
    //semi-duplicate of strip.getLengthTotal() (though that just returns strip._length, calculated in finalizeInit())
    uint16_t getTotalLength();
    inline uint8_t getNumBusses() const { return numBusses; }
-    inline void updateColorOrderMap(const ColorOrderMap &com) {
+    inline void                 updateColorOrderMap(const ColorOrderMap &com) { memcpy(&colorOrderMap, &com, sizeof(ColorOrderMap)); }
-      memcpy(&colorOrderMap, &com, sizeof(ColorOrderMap));
+    inline const ColorOrderMap& getColorOrderMap() const { return colorOrderMap; }
    }
    inline const ColorOrderMap& getColorOrderMap() const {
      return colorOrderMap;
    }
    inline uint8_t getNumBusses() {
      return numBusses;
    }
  private:
-    uint8_t numBusses = 0;
+    uint8_t numBusses;
    Bus* busses[WLED_MAX_BUSSES+WLED_MIN_VIRTUAL_BUSSES];
    ColorOrderMap colorOrderMap;
--- a/wled00/bus_wrapper.h
+++ b/wled00/bus_wrapper.h
@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ class PolyBus {
    #endif
    if (clock_kHz) dotStar_strip->SetMethodSettings(NeoSpiSettings((uint32_t)clock_kHz*1000));
  }
  // Begin & initialize the PixelSettings for TM1814 strips.
  template <class T>
  static void beginTM1814(void* busPtr) {
@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ class PolyBus {
    // Max current for each LED (22.5 mA).
    tm1814_strip->SetPixelSettings(NeoTm1814Settings(/*R*/225, /*G*/225, /*B*/225, /*W*/225));
  }
  static void begin(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint8_t* pins, uint16_t clock_kHz = 0U) {
    switch (busType) {
      case I_NONE: break;
@ -390,7 +392,8 @@ class PolyBus {
      case I_SS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Begin(); break;
      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Begin(); break;
    }
-  };
+  }
  static void* create(uint8_t busType, uint8_t* pins, uint16_t len, uint8_t channel, uint16_t clock_kHz = 0U) {
    void* busPtr = nullptr;
    switch (busType) {
@ -491,104 +494,106 @@ class PolyBus {
    }
    begin(busPtr, busType, pins, clock_kHz);
    return busPtr;
-  };
+  }
-  static void show(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType) {
+
  static void show(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, bool consistent = true) {
    switch (busType) {
      case I_NONE: break;
    #ifdef ESP8266
-      case I_8266_U0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
    #endif
    #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-      case I_32_RN_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_32_RN_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_32_RN_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_32_RN_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_32_RN_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_32_I0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_32_I1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-      case I_32_RN_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_32_RN_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
    #endif
-      case I_HS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_HS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_HS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_HS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_SS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_SS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_SS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_SS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_HS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_HS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_SS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_SS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_HS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_HS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_SS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_SS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_HS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_HS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_HS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_HS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_SS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_SS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
-      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
    }
-  };
+  }
  static bool canShow(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType) {
    switch (busType) {
      case I_NONE: return true;
@ -685,7 +690,8 @@ class PolyBus {
      case I_SS_P98_3: return (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->CanShow(); break;
    }
    return true;
-  };
+  }
  static void setPixelColor(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint16_t pix, uint32_t c, uint8_t co) {
    uint8_t r = c >> 16;
    uint8_t g = c >> 8;
@ -805,104 +811,106 @@ class PolyBus {
      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetPixelColor(pix, RgbColor(col)); break;
      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetPixelColor(pix, RgbColor(col)); break;
    }
-  };
+  }
-  static void setBrightness(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint8_t b, bool immediate) { // immediate=true is for use in ABL, it applies brightness immediately (warning: inefficient)
+
  static void setBrightness(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint8_t b) {
    switch (busType) {
      case I_NONE: break;
    #ifdef ESP8266
-      case I_8266_U0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U0_400_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U1_400_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_DM_400_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
    #endif
    #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-      case I_32_RN_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_32_RN_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_32_RN_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_RN_400_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I0_400_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I1_400_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_32_RN_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_32_RN_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_32_I0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_32_I1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
-      case I_32_RN_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_32_RN_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
    #endif
-      case I_HS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_HS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_HS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_HS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_HS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_SS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_SS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_SS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_SS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_SS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_HS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_HS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_HS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_SS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_SS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_SS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_HS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_HS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_HS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_SS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_SS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_SS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_HS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_HS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_HS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_HS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_HS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_SS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_SS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
-      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); if (immediate) (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->ApplyPostAdjustments(); break;
+      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
    }
-  };
+  }
  static uint32_t getPixelColor(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint16_t pix, uint8_t co) {
    RgbwColor col(0,0,0,0);
    switch (busType) {
--- a/wled00/button.cpp
+++ b/wled00/button.cpp
@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ void shortPressAction(uint8_t b)
      case 1: ++effectCurrent %= strip.getModeCount(); stateChanged = true; colorUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON); break;
    }
  } else {
    unloadPlaylist(); // applying a preset unloads the playlist
    applyPreset(macroButton[b], CALL_MODE_BUTTON_PRESET);
  }
@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ void longPressAction(uint8_t b)
      case 1: bri += 8; stateUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON); buttonPressedTime[b] = millis(); break; // repeatable action
    }
  } else {
    unloadPlaylist(); // applying a preset unloads the playlist
    applyPreset(macroLongPress[b], CALL_MODE_BUTTON_PRESET);
  }
@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ void doublePressAction(uint8_t b)
      case 1: ++effectPalette %= strip.getPaletteCount(); colorUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON); break;
    }
  } else {
    unloadPlaylist(); // applying a preset unloads the playlist
    applyPreset(macroDoublePress[b], CALL_MODE_BUTTON_PRESET);
  }
@ -153,6 +156,7 @@ void handleAnalog(uint8_t b)
  #ifdef ESP8266
  rawReading = analogRead(A0) << 2;   // convert 10bit read to 12bit
  #else
  if ((btnPin[b] < 0) || (digitalPinToAnalogChannel(btnPin[b]) < 0)) return; // pin must support analog ADC - newer esp32 frameworks throw lots of warnings otherwise
  rawReading = analogRead(btnPin[b]); // collect at full 12bit resolution
  #endif
  yield();                            // keep WiFi task running - analog read may take several millis on ESP8266
@ -262,7 +266,7 @@ void handleButton()
          shortPressAction(b);
        buttonPressedBefore[b] = true;
        buttonPressedTime[b] = now; // continually update (for debouncing to work in release handler)
-        return;
+        continue;
      }
      if (!buttonPressedBefore[b]) buttonPressedTime[b] = now;
@ -283,7 +287,7 @@ void handleButton()
      // released after rising-edge short press action
      if (macroButton[b] && macroButton[b] == macroLongPress[b] && macroButton[b] == macroDoublePress[b]) {
        if (dur > WLED_DEBOUNCE_THRESHOLD) buttonPressedBefore[b] = false; // debounce, blocks button for 50 ms once it has been released
-        return;
+        continue;
      }
      if (dur < WLED_DEBOUNCE_THRESHOLD) {buttonPressedBefore[b] = false; continue;} // too short "press", debounce
--- a/wled00/cfg.cpp
+++ b/wled00/cfg.cpp
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
  CJSON(strip.cctBlending, hw_led[F("cb")]);
  Bus::setCCTBlend(strip.cctBlending);
  strip.setTargetFps(hw_led["fps"]); //NOP if 0, default 42 FPS
-  CJSON(strip.useLedsArray, hw_led[F("ld")]);
+  CJSON(useGlobalLedBuffer, hw_led[F("ld")]);
  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  // 2D Matrix Settings
@ -134,7 +134,8 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
  if (fromFS || !ins.isNull()) {
    uint8_t s = 0;  // bus iterator
    if (fromFS) busses.removeAll(); // can't safely manipulate busses directly in network callback
-    uint32_t mem = 0;
+    uint32_t mem = 0, globalBufMem = 0;
    uint16_t maxlen = 0;
    bool busesChanged = false;
    for (JsonObject elm : ins) {
      if (s >= WLED_MAX_BUSSES+WLED_MIN_VIRTUAL_BUSSES) break;
@ -160,12 +161,16 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
      ledType |= refresh << 7; // hack bit 7 to indicate strip requires off refresh
      uint8_t AWmode = elm[F("rgbwm")] | autoWhiteMode;
      if (fromFS) {
-        BusConfig bc = BusConfig(ledType, pins, start, length, colorOrder, reversed, skipFirst, AWmode, freqkHz);
+        BusConfig bc = BusConfig(ledType, pins, start, length, colorOrder, reversed, skipFirst, AWmode, freqkHz, useGlobalLedBuffer);
        mem += BusManager::memUsage(bc);
-        if (mem <= MAX_LED_MEMORY) if (busses.add(bc) == -1) break;  // finalization will be done in WLED::beginStrip()
+        if (useGlobalLedBuffer && start + length > maxlen) {
          maxlen = start + length;
          globalBufMem = maxlen * 4;
        }
        if (mem + globalBufMem <= MAX_LED_MEMORY) if (busses.add(bc) == -1) break;  // finalization will be done in WLED::beginStrip()
      } else {
        if (busConfigs[s] != nullptr) delete busConfigs[s];
-        busConfigs[s] = new BusConfig(ledType, pins, start, length, colorOrder, reversed, skipFirst, AWmode);
+        busConfigs[s] = new BusConfig(ledType, pins, start, length, colorOrder, reversed, skipFirst, AWmode, freqkHz, useGlobalLedBuffer);
        busesChanged = true;
      }
      s++;
@ -173,7 +178,7 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
    doInitBusses = busesChanged;
    // finalization done in beginStrip()
  }
-  if (hw_led["rev"]) busses.getBus(0)->reversed = true; //set 0.11 global reversed setting for first bus
+  if (hw_led["rev"]) busses.getBus(0)->setReversed(true); //set 0.11 global reversed setting for first bus
  // read color order map configuration
  JsonArray hw_com = hw[F("com")];
@ -437,14 +442,14 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
 #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_MQTT
  JsonObject if_mqtt = interfaces["mqtt"];
  CJSON(mqttEnabled, if_mqtt["en"]);
-  getStringFromJson(mqttServer, if_mqtt[F("broker")], 33);
+  getStringFromJson(mqttServer, if_mqtt[F("broker")], MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN+1);
  CJSON(mqttPort, if_mqtt["port"]); // 1883
  getStringFromJson(mqttUser, if_mqtt[F("user")], 41);
  getStringFromJson(mqttPass, if_mqtt["psk"], 65); //normally not present due to security
  getStringFromJson(mqttClientID, if_mqtt[F("cid")], 41);
-  getStringFromJson(mqttDeviceTopic, if_mqtt[F("topics")][F("device")], 33); // "wled/test"
+  getStringFromJson(mqttDeviceTopic, if_mqtt[F("topics")][F("device")], MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1); // "wled/test"
-  getStringFromJson(mqttGroupTopic, if_mqtt[F("topics")][F("group")], 33); // ""
+  getStringFromJson(mqttGroupTopic, if_mqtt[F("topics")][F("group")], MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1); // ""
  CJSON(retainMqttMsg, if_mqtt[F("rtn")]);
 #endif
@ -711,7 +716,7 @@ void serializeConfig() {
  hw_led[F("cb")] = strip.cctBlending;
  hw_led["fps"] = strip.getTargetFps();
  hw_led[F("rgbwm")] = Bus::getGlobalAWMode(); // global auto white mode override
-  hw_led[F("ld")] = strip.useLedsArray;
+  hw_led[F("ld")] = useGlobalLedBuffer;
  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  // 2D Matrix Settings
@ -746,7 +751,7 @@ void serializeConfig() {
    uint8_t nPins = bus->getPins(pins);
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < nPins; i++) ins_pin.add(pins[i]);
    ins[F("order")] = bus->getColorOrder();
-    ins["rev"] = bus->reversed;
+    ins["rev"] = bus->isReversed();
    ins[F("skip")] = bus->skippedLeds();
    ins["type"] = bus->getType() & 0x7F;
    ins["ref"] = bus->isOffRefreshRequired();
--- a/wled00/const.h
+++ b/wled00/const.h
@ -148,6 +148,8 @@
 #define USERMOD_ID_PWM_OUTPUTS           38     //Usermod "usermod_pwm_outputs.h
 #define USERMOD_ID_SHT                   39     //Usermod "usermod_sht.h
 #define USERMOD_ID_KLIPPER               40     //Usermod Klipper percentage
 #define USERMOD_ID_WIREGUARD             41     //Usermod "wireguard.h"
 #define USERMOD_ID_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE  42     //Usermod "usermod_internal_temperature.h"
 //Access point behavior
 #define AP_BEHAVIOR_BOOT_NO_CONN          0     //Open AP when no connection after boot
--- a/wled00/data/index.js
+++ b/wled00/data/index.js
@ -681,6 +681,7 @@ ${i.opt&0x100?inforow("Debug","<button class=\"btn btn-xs\" onclick=\"requestJso
 ${inforow("Build",i.vid)}
 ${inforow("Signal strength",i.wifi.signal +"% ("+ i.wifi.rssi, " dBm)")}
 ${inforow("Uptime",getRuntimeStr(i.uptime))}
 ${inforow("Time",i.time)}
 ${inforow("Free heap",heap," kB")}
 ${i.psram?inforow("Free PSRAM",(i.psram/1024).toFixed(1)," kB"):""}
 ${inforow("Estimated current",pwru)}
@ -1245,7 +1246,7 @@ function updateSelectedPalette(s)
 	if (s > 1 && s < 6) {
 		cd[0].classList.remove('hide'); // * Color 1
 		if (s > 2) cd[1].classList.remove('hide'); // * Color 1 & 2
-		if (s == 5) cd[2].classList.remove('hide'); // all colors
+		if (s > 3) cd[2].classList.remove('hide'); // all colors
 	} else {
 		for (let i of cd) if (i.dataset.hide == '1') i.classList.add('hide');
 	}
--- a/wled00/data/settings_leds.htm
+++ b/wled00/data/settings_leds.htm
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
 			let len = parseInt(d.getElementsByName("LC"+n)[0].value);
 			len += parseInt(d.getElementsByName("SL"+n)[0].value); // skipped LEDs are allocated too
 			let dbl = 0;
-			if (d.Sf.LD.checked) dbl = len * 3;	// double buffering
+			if (d.Sf.LD.checked) dbl = len * 4;	// double buffering
 			if (t < 32) {
 				if (t==26 || t==29) len *= 2; // 16 bit LEDs
 				if (maxM < 10000 && d.getElementsByName("L0"+n)[0].value == 3) { //8266 DMA uses 5x the mem
--- a/wled00/data/simple.js
+++ b/wled00/data/simple.js
@ -523,6 +523,7 @@ ${urows}
 ${inforow("Build",i.vid)}
 ${inforow("Signal strength",i.wifi.signal +"% ("+ i.wifi.rssi, " dBm)")}
 ${inforow("Uptime",getRuntimeStr(i.uptime))}
 ${inforow("Time",i.time)}
 ${inforow("Free heap",heap," kB")}
 ${i.psram?inforow("Free PSRAM",(i.psram/1024).toFixed(1)," kB"):""}
 ${inforow("Estimated current",pwru)}
--- a/wled00/html_cpal.h
+++ b/wled00/html_cpal.h
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // Autogenerated from wled00/data/cpal/cpal.htm, do not edit!!
 const uint16_t PAGE_cpal_L = 4721;
 const uint8_t PAGE_cpal[] PROGMEM = {
-  0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x13, 0xbd, 0x3b, 0x7f, 0x73, 0xdb, 0xb6,
+  0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x0a, 0xbd, 0x3b, 0x7f, 0x73, 0xdb, 0xb6,
  0x92, 0xff, 0xe7, 0x53, 0x20, 0x4c, 0x5f, 0x42, 0xd6, 0x14, 0x45, 0xd2, 0xb6, 0x64, 0x4b, 0xa2,
  0x3b, 0xa9, 0x93, 0x77, 0xce, 0x8d, 0xdd, 0x64, 0x5e, 0x7c, 0x6e, 0x7b, 0x3e, 0xbf, 0x31, 0x4d,
  0x42, 0x12, 0x1b, 0x8a, 0xe0, 0x03, 0x21, 0xd9, 0xae, 0xac, 0xef, 0x7e, 0xbb, 0x00, 0x48, 0x91,
--- a/wled00/html_other.h
+++ b/wled00/html_other.h
@ -43,45 +43,45 @@ const char PAGE_dmxmap[] PROGMEM = R"=====()=====";
 // Autogenerated from wled00/data/update.htm, do not edit!!
 const uint16_t PAGE_update_length = 616;
 const uint8_t PAGE_update[] PROGMEM = {
-  0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x75, 0x53, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0xd4, 0x30,
+  0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x75, 0x53, 0x5d, 0x6f, 0xd4, 0x30,
-  0x10, 0xbd, 0xe7, 0x57, 0x18, 0x9f, 0x76, 0x25, 0xd6, 0x2e, 0x1f, 0x17, 0x4a, 0x92, 0x42, 0x69,
+  0x10, 0x7c, 0xcf, 0xaf, 0x30, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x93, 0x38, 0xbb, 0x20, 0x84, 0x44, 0x49, 0x52, 0x28,
-  0x85, 0x2a, 0x21, 0xb5, 0x52, 0x5b, 0x10, 0x27, 0xe4, 0xd8, 0x93, 0x8d, 0x59, 0xc7, 0x4e, 0xed,
+  0xad, 0x50, 0x25, 0xa4, 0x56, 0x6a, 0x0b, 0xe2, 0x09, 0x39, 0xf6, 0xe6, 0x62, 0xce, 0xb1, 0x53,
-  0xc9, 0xae, 0x56, 0xa8, 0xff, 0x9d, 0x89, 0xb3, 0x5b, 0x10, 0x1f, 0x97, 0x28, 0xce, 0xbc, 0x79,
+  0x7b, 0x73, 0xa7, 0x13, 0xea, 0x7f, 0x67, 0xe3, 0xdc, 0x15, 0xc4, 0xc7, 0x4b, 0x14, 0x67, 0x67,
-  0x9e, 0x79, 0xef, 0xa5, 0x7c, 0x76, 0x71, 0xfd, 0xe1, 0xee, 0xeb, 0xcd, 0x25, 0xeb, 0xb0, 0x77,
+  0xc7, 0xbb, 0x33, 0x93, 0xf2, 0xd9, 0xc5, 0xf5, 0x87, 0xbb, 0xaf, 0x37, 0x97, 0xac, 0xc3, 0xde,
-  0x75, 0x79, 0x78, 0x82, 0x32, 0x75, 0xd9, 0x03, 0x2a, 0xa6, 0x83, 0x47, 0xf0, 0x58, 0xf1, 0x9d,
+  0xd5, 0xe5, 0xe1, 0x09, 0xca, 0xd4, 0x65, 0x0f, 0xa8, 0x98, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0xc1, 0x63, 0xc5, 0x77,
-  0x35, 0xd8, 0x55, 0x06, 0xb6, 0x56, 0xc3, 0x2a, 0x1f, 0x38, 0xf3, 0xaa, 0x87, 0x8a, 0x6f, 0x2d,
+  0xd6, 0x60, 0x57, 0x19, 0xd8, 0x5a, 0x0d, 0xab, 0x7c, 0xe0, 0xcc, 0xab, 0x1e, 0x2a, 0xbe, 0xb5,
-  0xec, 0x86, 0x10, 0x91, 0xd7, 0x45, 0x89, 0x16, 0x1d, 0xd4, 0x5f, 0x3e, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0xb0, 0xfb,
+  0xb0, 0x1b, 0x42, 0x44, 0x5e, 0x17, 0x25, 0x5a, 0x74, 0x50, 0x7f, 0xf9, 0x74, 0x79, 0xc1, 0xee,
-  0xc1, 0x28, 0x84, 0x52, 0xce, 0x9f, 0xca, 0xa4, 0xa3, 0x1d, 0xb0, 0x2e, 0xda, 0xd1, 0x6b, 0xb4,
+  0x07, 0xa3, 0x10, 0x4a, 0x39, 0x7f, 0x2a, 0x93, 0x8e, 0x76, 0xc0, 0xba, 0x68, 0x47, 0xaf, 0xd1,
-  0xc1, 0xb3, 0xf3, 0xc5, 0xf2, 0xc7, 0xce, 0x7a, 0x13, 0x76, 0xa2, 0xb3, 0x09, 0x43, 0xdc, 0x8b,
+  0x06, 0xcf, 0xce, 0x17, 0xcb, 0x1f, 0x3b, 0xeb, 0x4d, 0xd8, 0x89, 0xce, 0x26, 0x0c, 0x71, 0x2f,
-  0x46, 0xe9, 0xcd, 0x62, 0xf9, 0xf8, 0x04, 0xb9, 0x27, 0x88, 0x09, 0x7a, 0xec, 0x69, 0x02, 0xb1,
+  0x1a, 0xa5, 0x37, 0x8b, 0xe5, 0xe3, 0x13, 0xe4, 0x9e, 0x20, 0x26, 0xe8, 0xb1, 0xa7, 0x09, 0xc4,
-  0x06, 0xbc, 0x74, 0x30, 0xbd, 0x9e, 0xef, 0xaf, 0xcc, 0x82, 0x8f, 0x2d, 0x5f, 0x8a, 0x84, 0x7b,
+  0x1a, 0xf0, 0xd2, 0xc1, 0xf4, 0x7a, 0xbe, 0xbf, 0x32, 0x0b, 0x3e, 0xb6, 0x7c, 0x29, 0x12, 0xee,
-  0x07, 0xc2, 0xd8, 0x34, 0x38, 0xb5, 0xaf, 0xb8, 0x0f, 0x1e, 0xf8, 0xf3, 0xff, 0xb6, 0xf4, 0x69,
+  0x1d, 0x08, 0x63, 0xd3, 0xe0, 0xd4, 0xbe, 0xe2, 0x3e, 0x78, 0xe0, 0xcf, 0xff, 0xdb, 0xd2, 0xa7,
-  0xfd, 0x77, 0x4f, 0xe3, 0x82, 0xde, 0xf0, 0xc7, 0xa2, 0x94, 0x87, 0x11, 0x0f, 0xa3, 0xb2, 0x14,
+  0xf5, 0xdf, 0x3d, 0x8d, 0x0b, 0x7a, 0xc3, 0x1f, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x1e, 0x46, 0x3c, 0x8c, 0xca, 0x52,
-  0x75, 0xc5, 0x65, 0x02, 0x44, 0xeb, 0xd7, 0x49, 0x26, 0xf1, 0x3d, 0x9d, 0x0d, 0xd5, 0x1b, 0x5e,
+  0xd4, 0x15, 0x97, 0x09, 0x10, 0xad, 0x5f, 0x27, 0x99, 0xc4, 0xf7, 0x74, 0x36, 0x54, 0x6f, 0x78,
-  0xff, 0x86, 0x9c, 0xa8, 0xea, 0xe2, 0x9d, 0xed, 0x27, 0x01, 0xd8, 0x18, 0xdd, 0x82, 0xcf, 0xf4,
+  0xfd, 0x1b, 0x72, 0xa2, 0xaa, 0x8b, 0x77, 0xb6, 0x9f, 0x04, 0x60, 0x63, 0x74, 0x0b, 0x3e, 0xd3,
-  0x3a, 0x25, 0xbe, 0x7c, 0x4b, 0xc8, 0x8c, 0x28, 0xe5, 0x2c, 0x69, 0x13, 0xcc, 0x9e, 0x05, 0xef,
+  0xeb, 0x94, 0xf8, 0xf2, 0x2d, 0x21, 0x33, 0xa2, 0x94, 0xb3, 0xa4, 0x4d, 0x30, 0x7b, 0x16, 0xbc,
-  0x82, 0x32, 0x15, 0xff, 0x08, 0xf8, 0x79, 0xb1, 0x24, 0xba, 0xee, 0x65, 0x5d, 0x64, 0xc9, 0x6e,
+  0x0b, 0xca, 0x54, 0xfc, 0x23, 0xe0, 0xe7, 0xc5, 0x92, 0xe8, 0xba, 0x97, 0x75, 0x91, 0x25, 0xbb,
-  0x43, 0x8b, 0x3b, 0x15, 0xe1, 0x49, 0x3b, 0xaa, 0x94, 0x6d, 0x88, 0x3d, 0x23, 0x2f, 0xba, 0x40,
+  0x0d, 0x2d, 0xee, 0x54, 0x84, 0x27, 0xed, 0xa8, 0x52, 0xb6, 0x21, 0xf6, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xe8, 0x02,
-  0x3d, 0x37, 0xd7, 0xb7, 0x77, 0x9c, 0xa9, 0x2c, 0x4f, 0xc5, 0x85, 0x1c, 0x33, 0x90, 0x33, 0x4b,
+  0xf5, 0xdc, 0x5c, 0xdf, 0xde, 0x71, 0xa6, 0xb2, 0x3c, 0x15, 0x17, 0x72, 0xcc, 0x40, 0xce, 0x2c,
-  0x35, 0x12, 0x84, 0x15, 0x40, 0xd2, 0xed, 0x07, 0x72, 0xa5, 0x1f, 0x1d, 0xda, 0x41, 0x45, 0x94,
+  0xd5, 0x48, 0x10, 0x56, 0x00, 0x49, 0xb7, 0x1f, 0xc8, 0x95, 0x7e, 0x74, 0x68, 0x07, 0x15, 0x51,
-  0x13, 0xc1, 0x8a, 0x60, 0x8a, 0xd3, 0xd5, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x7a, 0x4b, 0x76, 0xde, 0x4f, 0x37, 0x5f,
+  0x4e, 0x04, 0x2b, 0x82, 0x29, 0x4e, 0x57, 0xa7, 0xb1, 0xe9, 0x2d, 0xd9, 0x79, 0x3f, 0xdd, 0x7c,
-  0xf9, 0x84, 0xca, 0x39, 0x30, 0x6c, 0x0b, 0x31, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x29, 0x2b, 0xd3, 0xa0, 0x3c, 0x2b,
+  0xe5, 0x13, 0x2a, 0xe7, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0x2d, 0xc4, 0x44, 0x94, 0xa7, 0xac, 0x4c, 0x83, 0xf2, 0xac,
-  0xb4, 0x53, 0x29, 0x55, 0x3c, 0xd9, 0x81, 0xd7, 0x27, 0xe2, 0xc5, 0x6b, 0x71, 0xb2, 0x6a, 0x5e,
+  0xd0, 0x4e, 0xa5, 0x54, 0xf1, 0x64, 0x07, 0x5e, 0x9f, 0x88, 0x17, 0xaf, 0xc4, 0xc9, 0xaa, 0x79,
-  0xd1, 0x36, 0x54, 0xa4, 0x2d, 0x62, 0x7d, 0x11, 0x76, 0x79, 0x0b, 0x86, 0x1d, 0x30, 0x47, 0x23,
+  0x4d, 0xdb, 0x50, 0x91, 0xb6, 0x88, 0xf5, 0x45, 0xd8, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x18, 0x76, 0xc0, 0x1c, 0x8d,
-  0x24, 0x64, 0x8d, 0xf5, 0x2a, 0xee, 0x89, 0x42, 0xb1, 0xa2, 0x8b, 0xd0, 0x56, 0xbc, 0x43, 0x1c,
+  0x90, 0x90, 0x35, 0xd6, 0xab, 0xb8, 0x27, 0x0a, 0xc5, 0x8a, 0x2e, 0x42, 0x5b, 0xf1, 0x0e, 0x71,
-  0xd2, 0xa9, 0x94, 0x6b, 0x8b, 0xdd, 0xd8, 0x08, 0x1d, 0x7a, 0xf9, 0xde, 0x46, 0x1d, 0x42, 0xd8,
+  0x48, 0xa7, 0x52, 0xae, 0x2d, 0x76, 0x63, 0x23, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xe5, 0x7b, 0x1b, 0x75, 0x08, 0x61,
-  0x58, 0x90, 0xd3, 0xca, 0x32, 0x82, 0x03, 0x95, 0x20, 0x71, 0x86, 0x2a, 0x92, 0x5f, 0x15, 0xff,
+  0x63, 0x41, 0x4e, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x08, 0x0e, 0x54, 0x82, 0xc4, 0x19, 0xaa, 0x48, 0x7e, 0x55, 0xfc,
-  0xd6, 0x38, 0xe5, 0x37, 0x24, 0x8b, 0xed, 0xd7, 0xac, 0xc8, 0x26, 0x1c, 0x79, 0xe8, 0x8b, 0x48,
+  0x5b, 0xe3, 0x94, 0xdf, 0x90, 0x2c, 0xb6, 0x5f, 0xb3, 0x22, 0x9b, 0x70, 0xe4, 0xa1, 0x2f, 0x22,
-  0x9d, 0x05, 0x67, 0x92, 0xb0, 0xe1, 0x40, 0x7b, 0xa4, 0xf8, 0x93, 0x5a, 0xa4, 0xed, 0xfa, 0x2c,
+  0x75, 0x16, 0x9c, 0x49, 0xc2, 0x86, 0x03, 0xed, 0x91, 0xe2, 0x4f, 0x6a, 0x91, 0xb6, 0xeb, 0xb3,
-  0xcb, 0x5f, 0xb5, 0x34, 0xe1, 0x2a, 0x3d, 0x8c, 0x24, 0xed, 0x14, 0x52, 0xa9, 0xf2, 0x0e, 0xa5,
+  0x2c, 0x7f, 0xd5, 0xd2, 0x84, 0xab, 0xf4, 0x30, 0x92, 0xb4, 0x53, 0x48, 0xa5, 0xca, 0x3b, 0x94,
-  0xf5, 0xc3, 0x88, 0x6c, 0x96, 0xab, 0xb5, 0x0e, 0x8e, 0x81, 0x3e, 0x8a, 0x1a, 0xe1, 0x61, 0xb4,
+  0xd6, 0x0f, 0x23, 0xb2, 0x59, 0xae, 0xd6, 0x3a, 0x38, 0x06, 0xfa, 0x28, 0x6a, 0x84, 0x87, 0xd1,
-  0x11, 0xcc, 0x8c, 0x6e, 0x46, 0x44, 0xca, 0xe4, 0x0c, 0x9f, 0x65, 0x24, 0xb2, 0xd9, 0xa9, 0x67,
+  0x46, 0x30, 0x33, 0xba, 0x19, 0x11, 0x29, 0x93, 0x33, 0x7c, 0x96, 0x91, 0xc8, 0x66, 0xa7, 0x9e,
-  0xa5, 0x9c, 0xcb, 0xff, 0x80, 0xce, 0x87, 0x49, 0x7b, 0xed, 0xac, 0xde, 0x54, 0xfc, 0x7c, 0x92,
+  0x95, 0x72, 0x2e, 0xff, 0x03, 0x3a, 0x1f, 0x26, 0xed, 0xb5, 0xb3, 0x7a, 0x53, 0xf1, 0xf3, 0x49,
-  0xfe, 0x9c, 0xa2, 0xfe, 0xab, 0x29, 0x7b, 0x54, 0x97, 0xc6, 0x6e, 0x8b, 0x6c, 0xe5, 0x14, 0x54,
+  0xfa, 0x73, 0x8a, 0xfa, 0xaf, 0xa6, 0xec, 0x51, 0x5d, 0x1a, 0xbb, 0x2d, 0xb2, 0x95, 0x53, 0x50,
-  0xa2, 0xa9, 0x33, 0x3b, 0xa5, 0x4f, 0x08, 0x41, 0xe0, 0x4c, 0x7e, 0x93, 0x97, 0x65, 0x26, 0x30,
+  0x89, 0xa6, 0xce, 0xec, 0x94, 0x3e, 0x21, 0x04, 0x81, 0x33, 0xf9, 0x4d, 0x5e, 0x96, 0x99, 0xc0,
-  0x1f, 0x90, 0x69, 0x17, 0xe8, 0x10, 0x22, 0xcd, 0xda, 0x46, 0x48, 0x5d, 0xf6, 0x63, 0x50, 0x6b,
+  0x7c, 0x40, 0xa6, 0x5d, 0xa0, 0x43, 0x88, 0x34, 0x6b, 0x1b, 0x21, 0x75, 0xd9, 0x8f, 0x41, 0xad,
-  0x60, 0xa7, 0xcb, 0x52, 0x12, 0xdf, 0xb4, 0xee, 0x94, 0xba, 0x29, 0x82, 0xd3, 0xbf, 0xfd, 0x13,
+  0x81, 0x9d, 0x2e, 0x4b, 0x49, 0x7c, 0xd3, 0xba, 0x53, 0xea, 0xa6, 0x08, 0x4e, 0xff, 0xf6, 0x4f,
-  0x46, 0x22, 0xf9, 0xe1, 0xf1, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00
+  0x0a, 0x8a, 0xa8, 0xd6, 0xf1, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00
 };
--- a/wled00/html_pixart.h
+++ b/wled00/html_pixart.h
--- a/wled00/html_settings.h
+++ b/wled00/html_settings.h
--- a/wled00/html_simple.h
+++ b/wled00/html_simple.h
--- a/wled00/html_ui.h
+++ b/wled00/html_ui.h
--- a/wled00/improv.cpp
+++ b/wled00/improv.cpp
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ void sendImprovInfoResponse() {
  //Use serverDescription if it has been changed from the default "WLED", else mDNS name
  bool useMdnsName = (strcmp(serverDescription, "WLED") == 0 && strlen(cmDNS) > 0);
  char vString[20];
-  sprintf_P(vString, PSTR("0.14.0-b3/%i"), VERSION);
+  sprintf_P(vString, PSTR("0.14.0-b6/%i"), VERSION);
  const char *str[4] = {"WLED", vString, bString, useMdnsName ? cmDNS : serverDescription};
  sendImprovRPCResult(ImprovRPCType::Request_Info, 4, str);
--- a/wled00/json.cpp
+++ b/wled00/json.cpp
@ -22,15 +22,18 @@ bool deserializeSegment(JsonObject elem, byte it, byte presetId)
  int stop = elem["stop"] | -1;
-  // if using vectors use this code to append segment
+  // append segment
  if (id >= strip.getSegmentsNum()) {
    if (stop <= 0) return false; // ignore empty/inactive segments
    strip.appendSegment(Segment(0, strip.getLengthTotal()));
    id = strip.getSegmentsNum()-1; // segments are added at the end of list
  }
  //DEBUG_PRINTLN("-- JSON deserialize segment.");
  Segment& seg = strip.getSegment(id);
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--  Original segment: %p\n", &seg);
  Segment prev = seg; //make a backup so we can tell if something changed
  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--  Duplicate segment: %p\n", &prev);
  uint16_t start = elem["start"] | seg.start;
  if (stop < 0) {
@ -110,7 +113,11 @@ bool deserializeSegment(JsonObject elem, byte it, byte presetId)
    of = offsetAbs;
  }
  if (stop > start && of > len -1) of = len -1;
-  seg.setUp(start, stop, grp, spc, of, startY, stopY);
+
  // update segment (delete if necessary)
  // do not call seg.setUp() here, as it may cause a crash due to concurrent access if the segment is currently drawing effects
  // WS2812FX handles queueing of the change
  strip.setSegment(id, start, stop, grp, spc, of, startY, stopY);
  if (seg.reset && seg.stop == 0) return true; // segment was deleted & is marked for reset, no need to change anything else
@ -343,7 +350,9 @@ bool deserializeState(JsonObject root, byte callMode, byte presetId)
  JsonObject udpn      = root["udpn"];
  notifyDirect         = udpn["send"] | notifyDirect;
  syncGroups           = udpn["sgrp"] | syncGroups;
  receiveNotifications = udpn["recv"] | receiveNotifications;
  receiveGroups        = udpn["rgrp"] | receiveGroups;
  if ((bool)udpn[F("nn")]) callMode = CALL_MODE_NO_NOTIFY; //send no notification just for this request
  unsigned long timein = root["time"] | UINT32_MAX; //backup time source if NTP not synced
@ -468,12 +477,14 @@ void serializeSegment(JsonObject& root, Segment& seg, byte id, bool forPreset, b
  if (segmentBounds) {
    root["start"] = seg.start;
    root["stop"] = seg.stop;
    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
    if (strip.isMatrix) {
      root[F("startY")] = seg.startY;
      root[F("stopY")]  = seg.stopY;
    }
    #endif
  }
-  if (!forPreset) root["len"] = (seg.stop >= seg.start) ? (seg.stop - seg.start) : 0;
+  if (!forPreset) root["len"] = seg.stop - seg.start;
  root["grp"]    = seg.grouping;
  root[F("spc")] = seg.spacing;
  root[F("of")]  = seg.offset;
@ -558,6 +569,8 @@ void serializeState(JsonObject root, bool forPreset, bool includeBri, bool segme
    JsonObject udpn = root.createNestedObject("udpn");
    udpn["send"] = notifyDirect;
    udpn["recv"] = receiveNotifications;
    udpn["sgrp"] = syncGroups;
    udpn["rgrp"] = receiveGroups;
    root[F("lor")] = realtimeOverride;
  }
@ -729,6 +742,10 @@ void serializeInfo(JsonObject root)
  #endif
  root[F("uptime")] = millis()/1000 + rolloverMillis*4294967;
  char time[32];
  getTimeString(time);
  root[F("time")] = time;
  usermods.addToJsonInfo(root);
  uint16_t os = 0;
@ -965,9 +982,10 @@ void serializeNodes(JsonObject root)
 // deserializes mode data string into JsonArray
 void serializeModeData(JsonArray fxdata)
 {
-  char lineBuffer[128];
+  char lineBuffer[256];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < strip.getModeCount(); i++) {
-    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(i), 127);
+    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(i), sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1);
    lineBuffer[sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1] = '\0'; // terminate string
    if (lineBuffer[0] != 0) {
      char* dataPtr = strchr(lineBuffer,'@');
      if (dataPtr) fxdata.add(dataPtr+1);
@ -978,10 +996,12 @@ void serializeModeData(JsonArray fxdata)
 // deserializes mode names string into JsonArray
 // also removes effect data extensions (@...) from deserialised names
-void serializeModeNames(JsonArray arr) {
+void serializeModeNames(JsonArray arr)
-  char lineBuffer[128];
+{
  char lineBuffer[256];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < strip.getModeCount(); i++) {
-    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(i), 127);
+    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(i), sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1);
    lineBuffer[sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1] = '\0'; // terminate string
    if (lineBuffer[0] != 0) {
      char* dataPtr = strchr(lineBuffer,'@');
      if (dataPtr) *dataPtr = 0; // terminate mode data after name
@ -1060,7 +1080,10 @@ void serveJson(AsyncWebServerRequest* request)
  DEBUG_PRINTF("JSON buffer size: %u for request: %d\n", lDoc.memoryUsage(), subJson);
-  size_t len = response->setLength();
+  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
  size_t len =
  #endif
  response->setLength();
  DEBUG_PRINT(F("JSON content length: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(len);
  request->send(response);
@ -1090,9 +1113,13 @@ bool serveLiveLeds(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, uint32_t wsClient)
  for (size_t i= 0; i < used; i += n)
  {
    uint32_t c = strip.getPixelColor(i);
-    uint8_t r = qadd8(W(c), R(c)); //add white channel to RGB channels as a simple RGBW -> RGB map
+    uint8_t r = R(c);
-    uint8_t g = qadd8(W(c), G(c));
+    uint8_t g = G(c);
-    uint8_t b = qadd8(W(c), B(c));
+    uint8_t b = B(c);
    uint8_t w = W(c);
    r = scale8(qadd8(w, r), strip.getBrightness()); //R, add white channel to RGB channels as a simple RGBW -> RGB map
    g = scale8(qadd8(w, g), strip.getBrightness()); //G
    b = scale8(qadd8(w, b), strip.getBrightness()); //B
    olen += sprintf(obuf + olen, "\"%06X\",", RGBW32(r,g,b,0));
  }
  olen -= 1;
--- a/wled00/led.cpp
+++ b/wled00/led.cpp
@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ void applyValuesToSelectedSegs()
    if (effectSpeed     != selsegPrev.speed)     {seg.speed     = effectSpeed;     stateChanged = true;}
    if (effectIntensity != selsegPrev.intensity) {seg.intensity = effectIntensity; stateChanged = true;}
-    if (effectPalette   != selsegPrev.palette)   {seg.setPalette(effectPalette);   stateChanged = true;}
+    if (effectPalette   != selsegPrev.palette)   {seg.setPalette(effectPalette);}
-    if (effectCurrent   != selsegPrev.mode)      {seg.setMode(effectCurrent);      stateChanged = true;}
+    if (effectCurrent   != selsegPrev.mode)      {seg.setMode(effectCurrent);}
    uint32_t col0 = RGBW32(   col[0],    col[1],    col[2],    col[3]);
    uint32_t col1 = RGBW32(colSec[0], colSec[1], colSec[2], colSec[3]);
-    if (col0 != selsegPrev.colors[0])            {seg.setColor(0, col0);           stateChanged = true;}
+    if (col0 != selsegPrev.colors[0])            {seg.setColor(0, col0);}
-    if (col1 != selsegPrev.colors[1])            {seg.setColor(1, col1);           stateChanged = true;}
+    if (col1 != selsegPrev.colors[1])            {seg.setColor(1, col1);}
  }
 }
@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ void stateUpdated(byte callMode) {
 void updateInterfaces(uint8_t callMode)
 {
  if (!interfaceUpdateCallMode || millis() - lastInterfaceUpdate < INTERFACE_UPDATE_COOLDOWN) return;
  sendDataWs();
  lastInterfaceUpdate = millis();
  if (callMode == CALL_MODE_WS_SEND) return;
@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ void updateInterfaces(uint8_t callMode)
 void handleTransitions()
 {
  //handle still pending interface update
-  if (interfaceUpdateCallMode && millis() - lastInterfaceUpdate > INTERFACE_UPDATE_COOLDOWN) updateInterfaces(interfaceUpdateCallMode);
+  updateInterfaces(interfaceUpdateCallMode);
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
  if (doPublishMqtt) publishMqtt();
 #endif
@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ void handleTransitions()
  if (transitionActive && transitionDelayTemp > 0)
  {
    float tper = (millis() - transitionStartTime)/(float)transitionDelayTemp;
-    if (tper >= 1.0)
+    if (tper >= 1.0f)
    {
      strip.setTransitionMode(false);
      transitionActive = false;
@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ void handleTransitions()
      applyFinalBri();
      return;
    }
-    if (tper - tperLast < 0.004) return;
+    if (tper - tperLast < 0.004f) return;
    tperLast = tper;
    briT = briOld + ((bri - briOld) * tper);
--- a/wled00/lx_parser.cpp
+++ b/wled00/lx_parser.cpp
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ bool parseLx(int lxValue, byte* rgbw)
    float tmpBri = floor((lxValue - 200000000) / 10000); ;
    uint16_t ct = (lxValue - 200000000) - (((uint8_t)tmpBri) * 10000);
-    tmpBri *= 2.55;
+    tmpBri *= 2.55f;
    tmpBri = constrain(tmpBri, 0, 255);
    colorKtoRGB(ct, rgbw);
--- a/wled00/playlist.cpp
+++ b/wled00/playlist.cpp
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ int16_t loadPlaylist(JsonObject playlistObj, byte presetId) {
  if (playlistEndPreset == 255 && currentPreset > 0) playlistEndPreset = currentPreset;
  if (playlistEndPreset > 250) playlistEndPreset = 0;
  shuffle = shuffle || playlistObj["r"];
-  if (shuffle) playlistOptions += PL_OPTION_SHUFFLE;
+  if (shuffle) playlistOptions |= PL_OPTION_SHUFFLE;
  currentPlaylist = presetId;
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Playlist loaded."));
@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ void serializePlaylist(JsonObject sObj) {
  JsonArray ps = playlist.createNestedArray("ps");
  JsonArray dur = playlist.createNestedArray("dur");
  JsonArray transition = playlist.createNestedArray(F("transition"));
-  playlist[F("repeat")] = (playlistIndex < 0) ? playlistRepeat - 1 : playlistRepeat; // remove added repetition count (if not yet running)
+  playlist[F("repeat")] = (playlistIndex < 0 && playlistRepeat > 0) ? playlistRepeat - 1 : playlistRepeat; // remove added repetition count (if not yet running)
  playlist["end"] = playlistEndPreset;
  playlist["r"] = playlistOptions & PL_OPTION_SHUFFLE;
  for (int i=0; i<playlistLen; i++) {
--- a/wled00/remote.cpp
+++ b/wled00/remote.cpp
@ -39,26 +39,26 @@ typedef struct message_structure {
 } message_structure;
 static int esp_now_state = ESP_NOW_STATE_UNINIT;
-static uint32_t last_seq = -1;
+static uint32_t last_seq = UINT32_MAX;
 static int brightnessBeforeNightMode = NIGHT_MODE_DEACTIVATED;
 static message_structure incoming;
 // Pulled from the IR Remote logic but reduced to 10 steps with a constant of 3
-const byte brightnessSteps[] = {
+static const byte brightnessSteps[] = {
  6, 9, 14, 22, 33, 50, 75, 113, 170, 255
 };
-const size_t numBrightnessSteps = sizeof(brightnessSteps) / sizeof(uint8_t);
+static const size_t numBrightnessSteps = sizeof(brightnessSteps) / sizeof(uint8_t);
-bool nightModeActive() {
+static bool nightModeActive() {
  return brightnessBeforeNightMode != NIGHT_MODE_DEACTIVATED;
 }
-void activateNightMode() {
+static void activateNightMode() {
  brightnessBeforeNightMode = bri;
  bri = NIGHT_MODE_BRIGHTNESS;
 }
-bool resetNightMode() {
+static bool resetNightMode() {
  if (!nightModeActive()) {
    return false;
  }
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ bool resetNightMode() {
 }
 // increment `bri` to the next `brightnessSteps` value
-void brightnessUp() {
+static void brightnessUp() {
  if (nightModeActive()) { return; }
  // dumb incremental search is efficient enough for so few items
  for (uint8_t index = 0; index < numBrightnessSteps; ++index) {
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ void brightnessUp() {
 }
 // decrement `bri` to the next `brightnessSteps` value
-void brightnessDown() {
+static void brightnessDown() {
  if (nightModeActive()) { return; }
  // dumb incremental search is efficient enough for so few items
  for (int index = numBrightnessSteps - 1; index >= 0; --index) {
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void brightnessDown() {
  }
 }
-void setOn() {
+static void setOn() {
  if (resetNightMode()) {
    stateUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON);
  }
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ void setOn() {
  }
 }
-void setOff() {
+static void setOff() {
  if (resetNightMode()) {
    stateUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON);
  }
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ void setOff() {
  }
 }
-void presetWithFallback(uint8_t presetID, uint8_t effectID, uint8_t paletteID) {
+static void presetWithFallback(uint8_t presetID, uint8_t effectID, uint8_t paletteID) {
  applyPresetWithFallback(presetID, CALL_MODE_BUTTON_PRESET, effectID, paletteID);
 }
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ void OnDataRecv(const uint8_t * mac, const uint8_t *incomingData, int len) {
 void handleRemote() {
  if (enable_espnow_remote) {
-    if (esp_now_state == ESP_NOW_STATE_UNINIT) {
+    if ((esp_now_state == ESP_NOW_STATE_UNINIT) && (interfacesInited || apActive)) { // ESPNOW requires Wifi to be initialized (either STA, or AP Mode) 
      DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Initializing ESP_NOW listener"));
      // Init ESP-NOW
      if (esp_now_init() != 0) {
--- a/wled00/set.cpp
+++ b/wled00/set.cpp
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void handleSettingsSet(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, byte subPage)
    Bus::setCCTBlend(strip.cctBlending);
    Bus::setGlobalAWMode(request->arg(F("AW")).toInt());
    strip.setTargetFps(request->arg(F("FR")).toInt());
-    strip.useLedsArray = request->hasArg(F("LD"));
+    useGlobalLedBuffer = request->hasArg(F("LD"));
    bool busesChanged = false;
    for (uint8_t s = 0; s < WLED_MAX_BUSSES+WLED_MIN_VIRTUAL_BUSSES; s++) {
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ void handleSettingsSet(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, byte subPage)
      // actual finalization is done in WLED::loop() (removing old busses and adding new)
      // this may happen even before this loop is finished so we do "doInitBusses" after the loop
      if (busConfigs[s] != nullptr) delete busConfigs[s];
-      busConfigs[s] = new BusConfig(type, pins, start, length, colorOrder | (channelSwap<<4), request->hasArg(cv), skip, awmode, freqHz);
+      busConfigs[s] = new BusConfig(type, pins, start, length, colorOrder | (channelSwap<<4), request->hasArg(cv), skip, awmode, freqHz, useGlobalLedBuffer);
      busesChanged = true;
    }
    //doInitBusses = busesChanged; // we will do that below to ensure all input data is processed
@ -347,14 +347,14 @@ void handleSettingsSet(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, byte subPage)
    #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_MQTT
    mqttEnabled = request->hasArg(F("MQ"));
-    strlcpy(mqttServer, request->arg(F("MS")).c_str(), 33);
+    strlcpy(mqttServer, request->arg(F("MS")).c_str(), MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN+1);
    t = request->arg(F("MQPORT")).toInt();
    if (t > 0) mqttPort = t;
    strlcpy(mqttUser, request->arg(F("MQUSER")).c_str(), 41);
    if (!isAsterisksOnly(request->arg(F("MQPASS")).c_str(), 41)) strlcpy(mqttPass, request->arg(F("MQPASS")).c_str(), 65);
    strlcpy(mqttClientID, request->arg(F("MQCID")).c_str(), 41);
-    strlcpy(mqttDeviceTopic, request->arg(F("MD")).c_str(), 33);
+    strlcpy(mqttDeviceTopic, request->arg(F("MD")).c_str(), MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1);
-    strlcpy(mqttGroupTopic, request->arg(F("MG")).c_str(), 33);
+    strlcpy(mqttGroupTopic, request->arg(F("MG")).c_str(), MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1);
    buttonPublishMqtt = request->hasArg(F("BM"));
    retainMqttMsg = request->hasArg(F("RT"));
    #endif
@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ bool handleSet(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String& req, bool apply)
  if (pos > 0) {
    spcI = getNumVal(&req, pos);
  }
-  selseg.setUp(startI, stopI, grpI, spcI, UINT16_MAX, startY, stopY);
+  strip.setSegment(selectedSeg, startI, stopI, grpI, spcI, UINT16_MAX, startY, stopY);
  pos = req.indexOf(F("RV=")); //Segment reverse
  if (pos > 0) selseg.reverse = req.charAt(pos+3) != '0';
--- a/wled00/usermods_list.cpp
+++ b/wled00/usermods_list.cpp
@ -133,6 +133,10 @@
  #include "../usermods/wizlights/wizlights.h"
 #endif
 #ifdef USERMOD_WIREGUARD
  #include "../usermods/wireguard/wireguard.h"
 #endif
 #ifdef USERMOD_WORDCLOCK
  #include "../usermods/usermod_v2_word_clock/usermod_v2_word_clock.h"
 #endif
@ -173,6 +177,10 @@
  #include "../usermods/boblight/boblight.h"
 #endif
 #ifdef USERMOD_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE
  #include "../usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/usermod_internal_temperature.h"
 #endif
 #if defined(WLED_USE_SD_MMC) || defined(WLED_USE_SD_SPI)
 // This include of SD.h and SD_MMC.h must happen here, else they won't be
 // resolved correctly (when included in mod's header only)
@ -306,6 +314,10 @@ void registerUsermods()
  usermods.add(new WizLightsUsermod());
  #endif
  #ifdef USERMOD_WIREGUARD
  usermods.add(new WireguardUsermod());
  #endif
  #ifdef USERMOD_WORDCLOCK
  usermods.add(new WordClockUsermod());
  #endif
@ -357,4 +369,8 @@ void registerUsermods()
  #ifdef USERMOD_SHT
  usermods.add(new ShtUsermod());
  #endif
  #ifdef USERMOD_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE
  usermods.add(new InternalTemperatureUsermod());
  #endif
 }
--- a/wled00/util.cpp
+++ b/wled00/util.cpp
@ -148,8 +148,14 @@ bool oappendi(int i)
 bool oappend(const char* txt)
 {
  uint16_t len = strlen(txt);
-  if (olen + len >= SETTINGS_STACK_BUF_SIZE)
+  if (olen + len >= SETTINGS_STACK_BUF_SIZE) {
 #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
    DEBUG_PRINT(F("oappend() buffer overflow. Cannnot append "));
    DEBUG_PRINT(len); DEBUG_PRINT(F(" bytes \t\""));
    DEBUG_PRINT(txt); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("\""));
 #endif
    return false;        // buffer full
  }
  strcpy(obuf + olen, txt);
  olen += len;
  return true;
@ -233,7 +239,8 @@ uint8_t extractModeName(uint8_t mode, const char *src, char *dest, uint8_t maxLe
    if (mode < strip.getModeCount()) {
      char lineBuffer[256];
      //strcpy_P(lineBuffer, (const char*)pgm_read_dword(&(WS2812FX::_modeData[mode])));
-      strcpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(mode));
+      strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(mode), sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1);
      lineBuffer[sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1] = '\0'; // terminate string
      size_t len = strlen(lineBuffer);
      size_t j = 0;
      for (; j < maxLen && j < len; j++) {
@ -245,6 +252,12 @@ uint8_t extractModeName(uint8_t mode, const char *src, char *dest, uint8_t maxLe
    } else return 0;
  }
  if (src == JSON_palette_names && mode > GRADIENT_PALETTE_COUNT) {
    snprintf_P(dest, maxLen, PSTR("~ Custom %d~"), 255-mode);
    dest[maxLen-1] = '\0';
    return strlen(dest);
  }
  uint8_t qComma = 0;
  bool insideQuotes = false;
  uint8_t printedChars = 0;
@ -355,9 +368,9 @@ uint8_t extractModeSlider(uint8_t mode, uint8_t slider, char *dest, uint8_t maxL
 int16_t extractModeDefaults(uint8_t mode, const char *segVar)
 {
  if (mode < strip.getModeCount()) {
-    char lineBuffer[128] = "";
+    char lineBuffer[256];
-    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(mode), 127);
+    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(mode), sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1);
-    lineBuffer[127] = '\0'; // terminate string
+    lineBuffer[sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1] = '\0'; // terminate string
    if (lineBuffer[0] != 0) {
      char* startPtr = strrchr(lineBuffer, ';'); // last ";" in FX data
      if (!startPtr) return -1;
@ -507,7 +520,7 @@ um_data_t* simulateSound(uint8_t simulationId)
  maxVol        = 31;  // this gets feedback fro UI
  binNum        = 8;   // this gets feedback fro UI
  volumeRaw = volumeSmth;
-  my_magnitude = 10000.0 / 8.0f; //no idea if 10000 is a good value for FFT_Magnitude ???
+  my_magnitude = 10000.0f / 8.0f; //no idea if 10000 is a good value for FFT_Magnitude ???
  if (volumeSmth < 1 ) my_magnitude = 0.001f;             // noise gate closed - mute
  return um_data;
--- a/wled00/wled.cpp
+++ b/wled00/wled.cpp
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void WLED::reset()
  #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_WEBSOCKETS
  ws.closeAll(1012);
  #endif
-  long dly = millis();
+  unsigned long dly = millis();
  while (millis() - dly < 450) {
    yield();        // enough time to send response to client
  }
@ -35,10 +35,18 @@ void WLED::reset()
 void WLED::loop()
 {
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
  static unsigned long lastRun = 0;
  unsigned long        loopMillis = millis();
  size_t               loopDelay = loopMillis - lastRun;
  if (lastRun == 0) loopDelay=0; // startup - don't have valid data from last run.
  if (loopDelay > 2) DEBUG_PRINTF("Loop delayed more than %ums.\n", loopDelay);
  static unsigned long maxLoopMillis = 0;
  static size_t        avgLoopMillis = 0;
  static unsigned long maxUsermodMillis = 0;
-  static uint16_t avgUsermodMillis = 0;
+  static size_t        avgUsermodMillis = 0;
  static unsigned long maxStripMillis = 0;
-  static uint16_t avgStripMillis = 0;
+  static size_t        avgStripMillis = 0;
  unsigned long        stripMillis;
  #endif
  handleTime();
@ -46,7 +54,9 @@ void WLED::loop()
  handleIR();        // 2nd call to function needed for ESP32 to return valid results -- should be good for ESP8266, too
  #endif
  handleConnection();
  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_ESPNOW
  handleRemote();
  #endif
  handleSerial();
  handleImprovWifiScan();
  handleNotifications();
@ -80,6 +90,9 @@ void WLED::loop()
    yield();
  }
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
  stripMillis = millis();
  #endif
  if (!realtimeMode || realtimeOverride || (realtimeMode && useMainSegmentOnly))  // block stuff if WARLS/Adalight is enabled
  {
    if (apActive) dnsServer.processNextRequest();
@ -98,22 +111,18 @@ void WLED::loop()
    handlePresets();
    yield();
    #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
    unsigned long stripMillis = millis();
    #endif
    if (!offMode || strip.isOffRefreshRequired())
      strip.service();
    #ifdef ESP8266
    else if (!noWifiSleep)
      delay(1); //required to make sure ESP enters modem sleep (see #1184)
    #endif
  }
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
  stripMillis = millis() - stripMillis;
    if (stripMillis > 50) DEBUG_PRINTLN("Slow strip.");
  avgStripMillis += stripMillis;
  if (stripMillis > maxStripMillis) maxStripMillis = stripMillis;
  #endif
  }
  yield();
 #ifdef ESP8266
@ -152,11 +161,16 @@ void WLED::loop()
    DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Re-init busses."));
    bool aligned = strip.checkSegmentAlignment(); //see if old segments match old bus(ses)
    busses.removeAll();
-    uint32_t mem = 0;
+    uint32_t mem = 0, globalBufMem = 0;
    uint16_t maxlen = 0;
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < WLED_MAX_BUSSES+WLED_MIN_VIRTUAL_BUSSES; i++) {
      if (busConfigs[i] == nullptr) break;
      mem += BusManager::memUsage(*busConfigs[i]);
-      if (mem <= MAX_LED_MEMORY) {
+      if (useGlobalLedBuffer && busConfigs[i]->start + busConfigs[i]->count > maxlen) {
          maxlen = busConfigs[i]->start + busConfigs[i]->count;
          globalBufMem = maxlen * 4;
      }
      if (mem + globalBufMem <= MAX_LED_MEMORY) {
        busses.add(*busConfigs[i]);
      }
      delete busConfigs[i]; busConfigs[i] = nullptr;
@ -177,8 +191,34 @@ void WLED::loop()
  handleWs();
  handleStatusLED();
  toki.resetTick();
 #if WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT > 0
  // we finished our mainloop, reset the watchdog timer
  static unsigned long lastWDTFeed = 0;
  if (!strip.isUpdating() || millis() - lastWDTFeed > (WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT*500)) {
  #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
    esp_task_wdt_reset();
  #else
    ESP.wdtFeed();
  #endif
    lastWDTFeed = millis();
  }
 #endif
  if (doReboot && (!doInitBusses || !doSerializeConfig)) // if busses have to be inited & saved, wait until next iteration
    reset();
 // DEBUG serial logging (every 30s)
 #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
  loopMillis = millis() - loopMillis;
  if (loopMillis > 30) {
    DEBUG_PRINTF("Loop took %lums.\n", loopMillis);
    DEBUG_PRINTF("Usermods took %lums.\n", usermodMillis);
    DEBUG_PRINTF("Strip took %lums.\n", stripMillis);
  }
  avgLoopMillis += loopMillis;
  if (loopMillis > maxLoopMillis) maxLoopMillis = loopMillis;
  if (millis() - debugTime > 29999) {
    DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("---DEBUG INFO---"));
    DEBUG_PRINT(F("Runtime: "));       DEBUG_PRINTLN(millis());
@ -201,11 +241,13 @@ void WLED::loop()
    DEBUG_PRINT(F("Client IP: "));       DEBUG_PRINTLN(Network.localIP());
    if (loops > 0) { // avoid division by zero
      DEBUG_PRINT(F("Loops/sec: "));       DEBUG_PRINTLN(loops / 30);
      DEBUG_PRINT(F("Loop time[ms]: "));   DEBUG_PRINT(avgLoopMillis/loops); DEBUG_PRINT("/");DEBUG_PRINTLN(maxLoopMillis);
      DEBUG_PRINT(F("UM time[ms]: "));     DEBUG_PRINT(avgUsermodMillis/loops); DEBUG_PRINT("/");DEBUG_PRINTLN(maxUsermodMillis);
      DEBUG_PRINT(F("Strip time[ms]: "));  DEBUG_PRINT(avgStripMillis/loops); DEBUG_PRINT("/"); DEBUG_PRINTLN(maxStripMillis);
    }
    strip.printSize();
    loops = 0;
    maxLoopMillis = 0;
    maxUsermodMillis = 0;
    maxStripMillis = 0;
    avgUsermodMillis = 0;
@ -213,21 +255,8 @@ void WLED::loop()
    debugTime = millis();
  }
  loops++;
  lastRun = millis();
 #endif        // WLED_DEBUG
  toki.resetTick();
 #if WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT > 0
  // we finished our mainloop, reset the watchdog timer
  if (!strip.isUpdating())
  #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
    esp_task_wdt_reset();
  #else
    ESP.wdtFeed();
  #endif
 #endif
  if (doReboot && (!doInitBusses || !doSerializeConfig)) // if busses have to be inited & saved, wait until next iteration
    reset();
 }
 void WLED::enableWatchdog() {
@ -512,7 +541,7 @@ void WLED::initAP(bool resetAP)
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(apSSID);
  WiFi.softAPConfig(IPAddress(4, 3, 2, 1), IPAddress(4, 3, 2, 1), IPAddress(255, 255, 255, 0));
  WiFi.softAP(apSSID, apPass, apChannel, apHide);
-  #if defined(LOLIN_WIFI_FIX) && (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2))
+  #if defined(LOLIN_WIFI_FIX) && (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S3))
  WiFi.setTxPower(WIFI_POWER_8_5dBm);
  #endif
@ -690,7 +719,7 @@ void WLED::initConnection()
  WiFi.begin(clientSSID, clientPass);
 #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-  #if defined(LOLIN_WIFI_FIX) && (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2))
+  #if defined(LOLIN_WIFI_FIX) && (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S3))
  WiFi.setTxPower(WIFI_POWER_8_5dBm);
  #endif
  WiFi.setSleep(!noWifiSleep);
--- a/wled00/wled.h
+++ b/wled00/wled.h
@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 /*
   Main sketch, global variable declarations
   @title WLED project sketch
-   @version 0.14.0-b3
+   @version 0.14.0-b4
   @author Christian Schwinne
 */
 // version code in format yymmddb (b = daily build)
-#define VERSION 2307130
+#define VERSION 2309241
 //uncomment this if you have a "my_config.h" file you'd like to use
 //#define WLED_USE_MY_CONFIG
@ -332,6 +332,11 @@ WLED_GLOBAL byte bootPreset   _INIT(0);                   // save preset to load
 //if false, only one segment spanning the total LEDs is created,
 //but not on LED settings save if there is more than one segment currently
 WLED_GLOBAL bool autoSegments       _INIT(false);
 #ifdef ESP8266
 WLED_GLOBAL bool useGlobalLedBuffer _INIT(false); // double buffering disabled on ESP8266
 #else
 WLED_GLOBAL bool useGlobalLedBuffer _INIT(true);  // double buffering enabled on ESP32
 #endif
 WLED_GLOBAL bool correctWB          _INIT(false); // CCT color correction of RGB color
 WLED_GLOBAL bool cctFromRgb         _INIT(false); // CCT is calculated from RGB instead of using seg.cct
 WLED_GLOBAL bool gammaCorrectCol    _INIT(true);  // use gamma correction on colors
@ -424,12 +429,18 @@ WLED_GLOBAL uint16_t pollReplyCount _INIT(0);                     // count numbe
 // mqtt
 WLED_GLOBAL unsigned long lastMqttReconnectAttempt _INIT(0);  // used for other periodic tasks too
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
  #ifndef MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN
    #define MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN 32
  #endif
  #ifndef MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN
    #define MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN 32
  #endif
 WLED_GLOBAL AsyncMqttClient *mqtt _INIT(NULL);
 WLED_GLOBAL bool mqttEnabled _INIT(false);
 WLED_GLOBAL char mqttStatusTopic[40] _INIT("");            // this must be global because of async handlers
-WLED_GLOBAL char mqttDeviceTopic[33] _INIT("");            // main MQTT topic (individual per device, default is wled/mac)
+WLED_GLOBAL char mqttDeviceTopic[MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1] _INIT("");         // main MQTT topic (individual per device, default is wled/mac)
-WLED_GLOBAL char mqttGroupTopic[33] _INIT("wled/all");     // second MQTT topic (for example to group devices)
+WLED_GLOBAL char mqttGroupTopic[MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1]  _INIT("wled/all"); // second MQTT topic (for example to group devices)
-WLED_GLOBAL char mqttServer[33] _INIT("");                 // both domains and IPs should work (no SSL)
+WLED_GLOBAL char mqttServer[MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN+1]     _INIT("");         // both domains and IPs should work (no SSL)
 WLED_GLOBAL char mqttUser[41] _INIT("");                   // optional: username for MQTT auth
 WLED_GLOBAL char mqttPass[65] _INIT("");                   // optional: password for MQTT auth
 WLED_GLOBAL char mqttClientID[41] _INIT("");               // override the client ID
@ -508,7 +519,7 @@ WLED_GLOBAL uint16_t userVar0 _INIT(0), userVar1 _INIT(0); //available for use i
 // wifi
 WLED_GLOBAL bool apActive _INIT(false);
 WLED_GLOBAL bool forceReconnect _INIT(false);
-WLED_GLOBAL uint32_t lastReconnectAttempt _INIT(0);
+WLED_GLOBAL unsigned long lastReconnectAttempt _INIT(0);
 WLED_GLOBAL bool interfacesInited _INIT(false);
 WLED_GLOBAL bool wasConnected _INIT(false);
--- a/wled00/wled_math.cpp
+++ b/wled00/wled_math.cpp
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ float sin_t(float x) {
 float tan_t(float x) {
  float c = cos_t(x);
-  if (c==0.0) return 0;
+  if (c==0.0f) return 0;
  float res = sin_t(x) / c;
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG_MATH
  Serial.printf("tan: %f,%f,%f,(%f)\n",x,res,tan(x),res-tan(x));
@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ float tan_t(float x) {
 float acos_t(float x) {
  float negate = float(x < 0);
  float xabs = std::abs(x);
-  float ret = -0.0187293;
+  float ret = -0.0187293f;
  ret = ret * xabs;
-  ret = ret + 0.0742610;
+  ret = ret + 0.0742610f;
  ret = ret * xabs;
-  ret = ret - 0.2121144;
+  ret = ret - 0.2121144f;
  ret = ret * xabs;
  ret = ret + HALF_PI;
-  ret = ret * sqrt(1.0-xabs);
+  ret = ret * sqrt(1.0f-xabs);
  ret = ret - 2 * negate * ret;
  float res = negate * PI + ret;
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG_MATH
--- a/wled00/ws.cpp
+++ b/wled00/ws.cpp
@ -166,23 +166,24 @@ bool sendLiveLedsWs(uint32_t wsClient)
  size_t n = ((used -1)/MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS) +1; //only serve every n'th LED if count over MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS
  size_t pos = (strip.isMatrix ? 4 : 2);  // start of data
  size_t bufSize = pos + (used/n)*3;
  size_t skipLines = 0;
  AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer * wsBuf = ws.makeBuffer(bufSize);
  if (!wsBuf) return false; //out of memory
  uint8_t* buffer = wsBuf->get();
  buffer[0] = 'L';
  buffer[1] = 1; //version
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  size_t skipLines = 0;
  if (strip.isMatrix) {
    buffer[1] = 2; //version
    buffer[2] = Segment::maxWidth;
    buffer[3] = Segment::maxHeight;
-    if (Segment::maxWidth * Segment::maxHeight > MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS*4) {
+    if (used > MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS*4) {
      buffer[2] = Segment::maxWidth/4;
      buffer[3] = Segment::maxHeight/4;
      skipLines = 3;
-    } else if (Segment::maxWidth * Segment::maxHeight > MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS) {
+    } else if (used > MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS) {
      buffer[2] = Segment::maxWidth/2;
      buffer[3] = Segment::maxHeight/2;
      skipLines = 1;
@ -198,9 +199,13 @@ bool sendLiveLedsWs(uint32_t wsClient)
    }
 #endif
    uint32_t c = strip.getPixelColor(i);
-    buffer[pos++] = qadd8(W(c), R(c)); //R, add white channel to RGB channels as a simple RGBW -> RGB map
+    uint8_t r = R(c);
-    buffer[pos++] = qadd8(W(c), G(c)); //G
+    uint8_t g = G(c);
-    buffer[pos++] = qadd8(W(c), B(c)); //B
+    uint8_t b = B(c);
    uint8_t w = W(c);
    buffer[pos++] = scale8(qadd8(w, r), strip.getBrightness()); //R, add white channel to RGB channels as a simple RGBW -> RGB map
    buffer[pos++] = scale8(qadd8(w, g), strip.getBrightness()); //G
    buffer[pos++] = scale8(qadd8(w, b), strip.getBrightness()); //B
  }
  wsc->binary(wsBuf);
--- a/wled00/xml.cpp
+++ b/wled00/xml.cpp
@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
    sappend('v',SET_F("CB"),strip.cctBlending);
    sappend('v',SET_F("FR"),strip.getTargetFps());
    sappend('v',SET_F("AW"),Bus::getGlobalAWMode());
-    sappend('c',SET_F("LD"),strip.useLedsArray);
+    sappend('c',SET_F("LD"),useGlobalLedBuffer);
    for (uint8_t s=0; s < busses.getNumBusses(); s++) {
      Bus* bus = busses.getBus(s);
@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
      sappend('v',lt,bus->getType());
      sappend('v',co,bus->getColorOrder() & 0x0F);
      sappend('v',ls,bus->getStart());
-      sappend('c',cv,bus->reversed);
+      sappend('c',cv,bus->isReversed());
      sappend('v',sl,bus->skippedLeds());
      sappend('c',rf,bus->isOffRefreshRequired());
      sappend('v',aw,bus->getAutoWhiteMode());
@ -478,6 +478,7 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
  if (subPage == SUBPAGE_SYNC)
  {
    char nS[32];
    sappend('v',SET_F("UP"),udpPort);
    sappend('v',SET_F("U2"),udpPort2);
    sappend('v',SET_F("GS"),syncGroups);
@ -534,6 +535,9 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
    sappends('s',SET_F("MG"),mqttGroupTopic);
    sappend('c',SET_F("BM"),buttonPublishMqtt);
    sappend('c',SET_F("RT"),retainMqttMsg);
    oappend(SET_F("d.Sf.MD.maxlength=")); oappend(itoa(MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN,nS,10));  oappend(SET_F(";"));
    oappend(SET_F("d.Sf.MG.maxlength=")); oappend(itoa(MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN,nS,10));  oappend(SET_F(";"));
    oappend(SET_F("d.Sf.MS.maxlength=")); oappend(itoa(MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN,nS,10));  oappend(SET_F(";"));
    #else
    oappend(SET_F("toggle('MQTT');"));    // hide MQTT settings
    #endif
@ -583,7 +587,7 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
    sappends('s',SET_F("LT"),tm);
    getTimeString(tm);
    sappends('m',SET_F("(\"times\")[0]"),tm);
-    if ((int)(longitude*10.) || (int)(latitude*10.)) {
+    if ((int)(longitude*10.0f) || (int)(latitude*10.0f)) {
      sprintf_P(tm, PSTR("Sunrise: %02d:%02d Sunset: %02d:%02d"), hour(sunrise), minute(sunrise), hour(sunset), minute(sunset));
      sappends('m',SET_F("(\"times\")[1]"),tm);
    }