WLED/wled00/FX.cpp

/*
  WS2812FX.cpp contains all effect methods
  Harm Aldick - 2016
  www.aldick.org
  LICENSE
  The MIT License (MIT)
  Copyright (c) 2016  Harm Aldick
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  THE SOFTWARE.

  Modified heavily for WLED
*/

#include "FX.h"
#include "wled.h"

#define IBN 5100
#define PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP (paletteBlend == 1 || paletteBlend == 3)

/*
 * No blinking. Just plain old static light.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_static(void) {
  fill(SEGCOLOR(0));
  return (SEGMENT.getOption(SEG_OPTION_TRANSITIONAL)) ? FRAMETIME : 350; //update faster if in transition
}


/*
 * Blink/strobe function
 * Alternate between color1 and color2
 * if(strobe == true) then create a strobe effect
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::blink(uint32_t color1, uint32_t color2, bool strobe, bool do_palette) {
  uint32_t cycleTime = (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*20;
  uint32_t onTime = FRAMETIME;
  if (!strobe) onTime += ((cycleTime * SEGMENT.intensity) >> 8);
  cycleTime += FRAMETIME*2;
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  uint32_t rem = now % cycleTime;
  
  bool on = false;
  if (it != SEGENV.step //new iteration, force on state for one frame, even if set time is too brief
      || rem <= onTime) { 
    on = true;
  }
  
  SEGENV.step = it; //save previous iteration

  uint32_t color = on ? color1 : color2;
  if (color == color1 && do_palette)
  {
    for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
      setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
    }
  } else fill(color);

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Normal blinking. 50% on/off time.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_blink(void) {
  return blink(SEGCOLOR(0), SEGCOLOR(1), false, true);
}


/*
 * Classic Blink effect. Cycling through the rainbow.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_blink_rainbow(void) {
  return blink(color_wheel(SEGENV.call & 0xFF), SEGCOLOR(1), false, false);
}


/*
 * Classic Strobe effect.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_strobe(void) {
  return blink(SEGCOLOR(0), SEGCOLOR(1), true, true);
}


/*
 * Classic Strobe effect. Cycling through the rainbow.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_strobe_rainbow(void) {
  return blink(color_wheel(SEGENV.call & 0xFF), SEGCOLOR(1), true, false);
}


/*
 * Color wipe function
 * LEDs are turned on (color1) in sequence, then turned off (color2) in sequence.
 * if (bool rev == true) then LEDs are turned off in reverse order
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::color_wipe(bool rev, bool useRandomColors) {
  uint32_t cycleTime = 750 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*150;
  uint32_t perc = now % cycleTime;
  uint16_t prog = (perc * 65535) / cycleTime;
  bool back = (prog > 32767);
  if (back) {
    prog -= 32767;
    if (SEGENV.step == 0) SEGENV.step = 1;
  } else {
    if (SEGENV.step == 2) SEGENV.step = 3; //trigger color change
  }

  if (useRandomColors) {
    if (SEGENV.call == 0) {
      SEGENV.aux0 = random8();
      SEGENV.step = 3;
    }
    if (SEGENV.step == 1) { //if flag set, change to new random color
      SEGENV.aux1 = get_random_wheel_index(SEGENV.aux0);
      SEGENV.step = 2;
    }
    if (SEGENV.step == 3) {
      SEGENV.aux0 = get_random_wheel_index(SEGENV.aux1);
      SEGENV.step = 0;
    }
  }

  uint16_t ledIndex = (prog * SEGLEN) >> 15;
  uint16_t rem = 0;
  rem = (prog * SEGLEN) * 2; //mod 0xFFFF
  rem /= (SEGMENT.intensity +1);
  if (rem > 255) rem = 255;

  uint32_t col1 = useRandomColors? color_wheel(SEGENV.aux1) : SEGCOLOR(1);
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++)
  {
    uint16_t index = (rev && back)? SEGLEN -1 -i : i;
    uint32_t col0 = useRandomColors? color_wheel(SEGENV.aux0) : color_from_palette(index, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0);
    
    if (i < ledIndex) 
    {
      setPixelColor(index, back? col1 : col0);
    } else
    {
      setPixelColor(index, back? col0 : col1);
      if (i == ledIndex) setPixelColor(index, color_blend(back? col0 : col1, back? col1 : col0, rem));
    }
  } 
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Lights all LEDs one after another.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_color_wipe(void) {
  return color_wipe(false, false);
}

/*
 * Lights all LEDs one after another. Turns off opposite
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_color_sweep(void) {
  return color_wipe(true, false);
}


/*
 * Turns all LEDs after each other to a random color.
 * Then starts over with another color.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_color_wipe_random(void) {
  return color_wipe(false, true);
}


/*
 * Random color introduced alternating from start and end of strip.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_color_sweep_random(void) {
  return color_wipe(true, true);
}


/*
 * Lights all LEDs in one random color up. Then switches them
 * to the next random color.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_random_color(void) {
  uint32_t cycleTime = 200 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*50;
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  uint32_t rem = now % cycleTime;
  uint16_t fadedur = (cycleTime * SEGMENT.intensity) >> 8;

  uint32_t fade = 255;
  if (fadedur) {
    fade = (rem * 255) / fadedur;
    if (fade > 255) fade = 255;
  }

  if (SEGENV.call == 0) {
    SEGENV.aux0 = random8();
    SEGENV.step = 2;
  }
  if (it != SEGENV.step) //new color
  {
    SEGENV.aux1 = SEGENV.aux0;
    SEGENV.aux0 = get_random_wheel_index(SEGENV.aux0); //aux0 will store our random color wheel index
    SEGENV.step = it;
  }

  fill(color_blend(color_wheel(SEGENV.aux1), color_wheel(SEGENV.aux0), fade));
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Lights every LED in a random color. Changes all LED at the same time
 * to new random colors.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::dynamic(boolean smooth=false) {
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(SEGLEN)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  
  if(SEGENV.call == 0) {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) SEGENV.data[i] = random8();
  }

  uint32_t cycleTime = 50 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*15;
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  if (it != SEGENV.step && SEGMENT.speed != 0) //new color
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
      if (random8() <= SEGMENT.intensity) SEGENV.data[i] = random8();
    }
    SEGENV.step = it;
  }
  
  if (smooth) {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
      blendPixelColor(i, color_wheel(SEGENV.data[i]),16);
    }
  } else {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
      setPixelColor(i, color_wheel(SEGENV.data[i]));
    }
  } 
  return FRAMETIME;
}

/*
 * Original effect "Dynamic"
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_dynamic(void) {
  return dynamic(false);
}

/*
 * effect "Dynamic" with smoth color-fading
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_dynamic_smooth(void) {
  return dynamic(true);
 }

/*
 * Does the "standby-breathing" of well known i-Devices.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_breath(void) {
  uint16_t var = 0;
  uint16_t counter = (now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 3) +10));
  counter = (counter >> 2) + (counter >> 4); //0-16384 + 0-2048
  if (counter < 16384) {
    if (counter > 8192) counter = 8192 - (counter - 8192);
    var = sin16(counter) / 103; //close to parabolic in range 0-8192, max val. 23170
  }
  
  uint8_t lum = 30 + var;
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), lum));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Fades the LEDs between two colors
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_fade(void) {
  uint16_t counter = (now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 3) +10));
  uint8_t lum = triwave16(counter) >> 8;

  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), lum));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Scan mode parent function
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::scan(bool dual)
{
  uint32_t cycleTime = 750 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*150;
  uint32_t perc = now % cycleTime;
  uint16_t prog = (perc * 65535) / cycleTime;
  uint16_t size = 1 + ((SEGMENT.intensity * SEGLEN) >> 9);
  uint16_t ledIndex = (prog * ((SEGLEN *2) - size *2)) >> 16;

  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));

  int led_offset = ledIndex - (SEGLEN - size);
  led_offset = abs(led_offset);

  if (dual) {
    for (uint16_t j = led_offset; j < led_offset + size; j++) {
      uint16_t i2 = SEGLEN -1 -j;
      setPixelColor(i2, color_from_palette(i2, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, (SEGCOLOR(2))? 2:0));
    }
  }

  for (uint16_t j = led_offset; j < led_offset + size; j++) {
    setPixelColor(j, color_from_palette(j, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Runs a single pixel back and forth.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_scan(void) {
  return scan(false);
}


/*
 * Runs two pixel back and forth in opposite directions.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_dual_scan(void) {
  return scan(true);
}


/*
 * Cycles all LEDs at once through a rainbow.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_rainbow(void) {
  uint16_t counter = (now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) +2)) & 0xFFFF;
  counter = counter >> 8;

  if (SEGMENT.intensity < 128){
    fill(color_blend(color_wheel(counter),WHITE,128-SEGMENT.intensity));
  } else {
    fill(color_wheel(counter));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Cycles a rainbow over the entire string of LEDs.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_rainbow_cycle(void) {
  uint16_t counter = (now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) +2)) & 0xFFFF;
  counter = counter >> 8;
  
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    //intensity/29 = 0 (1/16) 1 (1/8) 2 (1/4) 3 (1/2) 4 (1) 5 (2) 6 (4) 7 (8) 8 (16)
    uint8_t index = (i * (16 << (SEGMENT.intensity /29)) / SEGLEN) + counter;
    setPixelColor(i, color_wheel(index));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Theatre-style crawling lights.
 * Inspired by the Adafruit examples.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_theater_chase(void) {
  return running(SEGCOLOR(0), SEGCOLOR(1), true);
}


/*
 * Theatre-style crawling lights with rainbow effect.
 * Inspired by the Adafruit examples.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_theater_chase_rainbow(void) {
  return running(color_wheel(SEGENV.step), SEGCOLOR(1), true);
}


/*
 * Running lights effect with smooth sine transition base.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::running_base(bool saw, bool dual=false) {
  uint8_t x_scale = SEGMENT.intensity >> 2;
  uint32_t counter = (now * SEGMENT.speed) >> 9;

  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    uint16_t a = i*x_scale - counter;
    if (saw) {
      a &= 0xFF;
      if (a < 16)
      {
        a = 192 + a*8;
      } else {
        a = map(a,16,255,64,192);
      }
      a = 255 - a;
    }
    uint8_t s = dual ? sin_gap(a) : sin8(a);
    uint32_t ca = color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), s);
    if (dual) {
      uint16_t b = (SEGLEN-1-i)*x_scale - counter;
      uint8_t t = sin_gap(b);
      uint32_t cb = color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 2), t);
      ca = color_blend(ca, cb, 127);
    }
    setPixelColor(i, ca);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Running lights in opposite directions.
 * Idea: Make the gap width controllable with a third slider in the future
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_running_dual(void) {
  return running_base(false, true);
}


/*
 * Running lights effect with smooth sine transition.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_running_lights(void) {
  return running_base(false);
}


/*
 * Running lights effect with sawtooth transition.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_saw(void) {
  return running_base(true);
}


/*
 * Blink several LEDs in random colors on, reset, repeat.
 * Inspired by www.tweaking4all.com/hardware/arduino/adruino-led-strip-effects/
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_twinkle(void) {
  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));

  uint32_t cycleTime = 20 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*5;
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  if (it != SEGENV.step)
  {
    uint16_t maxOn = map(SEGMENT.intensity, 0, 255, 1, SEGLEN); // make sure at least one LED is on
    if (SEGENV.aux0 >= maxOn)
    {
      SEGENV.aux0 = 0;
      SEGENV.aux1 = random16(); //new seed for our PRNG
    }
    SEGENV.aux0++;
    SEGENV.step = it;
  }
  
  uint16_t PRNG16 = SEGENV.aux1;

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGENV.aux0; i++)
  {
    PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 13849; // next 'random' number
    uint32_t p = (uint32_t)SEGLEN * (uint32_t)PRNG16;
    uint16_t j = p >> 16;
    setPixelColor(j, color_from_palette(j, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Dissolve function
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::dissolve(uint32_t color) {
  bool wa = (SEGCOLOR(1) != 0 && _brightness < 255); //workaround, can't compare getPixel to color if not full brightness
  
  for (uint16_t j = 0; j <= SEGLEN / 15; j++)
  {
    if (random8() <= SEGMENT.intensity) {
      for (uint8_t times = 0; times < 10; times++) //attempt to spawn a new pixel 5 times
      {
        uint16_t i = random16(SEGLEN);
        if (SEGENV.aux0) { //dissolve to primary/palette
          if (getPixelColor(i) == SEGCOLOR(1) || wa) {
            if (color == SEGCOLOR(0))
            {
              setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
            } else { setPixelColor(i, color); }     
            break; //only spawn 1 new pixel per frame per 50 LEDs
          }
        } else { //dissolve to secondary
          if (getPixelColor(i) != SEGCOLOR(1)) { setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(1)); break; }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (SEGENV.call > (255 - SEGMENT.speed) + 15U) 
  {
    SEGENV.aux0 = !SEGENV.aux0;
    SEGENV.call = 0;
  }
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Blink several LEDs on and then off
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_dissolve(void) {
  return dissolve(SEGCOLOR(0));
}


/*
 * Blink several LEDs on and then off in random colors
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_dissolve_random(void) {
  return dissolve(color_wheel(random8()));
}


/*
 * Blinks one LED at a time.
 * Inspired by www.tweaking4all.com/hardware/arduino/adruino-led-strip-effects/
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_sparkle(void) {
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 1));
  }
  uint32_t cycleTime = 10 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*2;
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  if (it != SEGENV.step)
  {
    SEGENV.aux0 = random16(SEGLEN); // aux0 stores the random led index
    SEGENV.step = it;
  }
  
  setPixelColor(SEGENV.aux0, SEGCOLOR(0));
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Lights all LEDs in the color. Flashes single col 1 pixels randomly. (List name: Sparkle Dark)
 * Inspired by www.tweaking4all.com/hardware/arduino/adruino-led-strip-effects/
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_flash_sparkle(void) {
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
  }

  if (now - SEGENV.aux0 > SEGENV.step) {
    if(random8((255-SEGMENT.intensity) >> 4) == 0) {
      setPixelColor(random16(SEGLEN), SEGCOLOR(1)); //flash
    }
    SEGENV.step = now;
    SEGENV.aux0 = 255-SEGMENT.speed;
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Like flash sparkle. With more flash.
 * Inspired by www.tweaking4all.com/hardware/arduino/adruino-led-strip-effects/
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_hyper_sparkle(void) {
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
  }

  if (now - SEGENV.aux0 > SEGENV.step) {
    if(random8((255-SEGMENT.intensity) >> 4) == 0) {
      for(uint16_t i = 0; i < MAX(1, SEGLEN/3); i++) {
        setPixelColor(random16(SEGLEN), SEGCOLOR(1));
      }
    }
    SEGENV.step = now;
    SEGENV.aux0 = 255-SEGMENT.speed;
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Strobe effect with different strobe count and pause, controlled by speed.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_multi_strobe(void) {
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 1));
  }

  SEGENV.aux0 = 50 + 20*(uint16_t)(255-SEGMENT.speed);
  uint16_t count = 2 * ((SEGMENT.intensity / 10) + 1);
  if(SEGENV.aux1 < count) {
    if((SEGENV.aux1 & 1) == 0) {
      fill(SEGCOLOR(0));
      SEGENV.aux0 = 15;
    } else {
      SEGENV.aux0 = 50;
    }
  }

  if (now - SEGENV.aux0 > SEGENV.step) {
    SEGENV.aux1++;
    if (SEGENV.aux1 > count) SEGENV.aux1 = 0;
    SEGENV.step = now;
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}

/*
 * Android loading circle
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_android(void) {
  
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 1));
  }

  if (SEGENV.aux1 > ((float)SEGMENT.intensity/255.0)*(float)SEGLEN)
  {
    SEGENV.aux0 = 1;
  } else
  {
    if (SEGENV.aux1 < 2) SEGENV.aux0 = 0;
  }

  uint16_t a = SEGENV.step;
  
  if (SEGENV.aux0 == 0)
  {
    if (SEGENV.call %3 == 1) {a++;}
    else {SEGENV.aux1++;}
  } else
  {
    a++;
    if (SEGENV.call %3 != 1) SEGENV.aux1--;
  }
  
  if (a >= SEGLEN) a = 0;

  if (a + SEGENV.aux1 < SEGLEN)
  {
    for(int i = a; i < a+SEGENV.aux1; i++) {
      setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(0));
    }
  } else
  {
    for(int i = a; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
      setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(0));
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < SEGENV.aux1 - (SEGLEN -a); i++) {
      setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(0));
    }
  }
  SEGENV.step = a;

  return 3 + ((8 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed)) / SEGLEN);
}

/*
 * color chase function.
 * color1 = background color
 * color2 and color3 = colors of two adjacent leds
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::chase(uint32_t color1, uint32_t color2, uint32_t color3, bool do_palette) {
  uint16_t counter = now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) + 1);
  uint16_t a = counter * SEGLEN  >> 16;

  bool chase_random = (SEGMENT.mode == FX_MODE_CHASE_RANDOM);
  if (chase_random) {
    if (a < SEGENV.step) //we hit the start again, choose new color for Chase random
    {
      SEGENV.aux1 = SEGENV.aux0; //store previous random color
      SEGENV.aux0 = get_random_wheel_index(SEGENV.aux0);
    }
    color1 = color_wheel(SEGENV.aux0);
  }
  SEGENV.step = a;

  // Use intensity setting to vary chase up to 1/2 string length
  uint8_t size = 1 + (SEGMENT.intensity * SEGLEN >> 10);

  uint16_t b = a + size; //"trail" of chase, filled with color1 
  if (b > SEGLEN) b -= SEGLEN;
  uint16_t c = b + size;
  if (c > SEGLEN) c -= SEGLEN;

  //background
  if (do_palette)
  {
    for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
      setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 1));
    }
  } else fill(color1);

  //if random, fill old background between a and end
  if (chase_random)
  {
    color1 = color_wheel(SEGENV.aux1);
    for (uint16_t i = a; i < SEGLEN; i++)
      setPixelColor(i, color1);
  }

  //fill between points a and b with color2
  if (a < b)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = a; i < b; i++)
      setPixelColor(i, color2);
  } else {
    for (uint16_t i = a; i < SEGLEN; i++) //fill until end
      setPixelColor(i, color2);
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < b; i++) //fill from start until b
      setPixelColor(i, color2);
  }

  //fill between points b and c with color2
  if (b < c)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = b; i < c; i++)
      setPixelColor(i, color3);
  } else {
    for (uint16_t i = b; i < SEGLEN; i++) //fill until end
      setPixelColor(i, color3);
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < c; i++) //fill from start until c
      setPixelColor(i, color3);
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Bicolor chase, more primary color.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_chase_color(void) {
  return chase(SEGCOLOR(1), (SEGCOLOR(2)) ? SEGCOLOR(2) : SEGCOLOR(0), SEGCOLOR(0), true);
}


/*
 * Primary running followed by random color.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_chase_random(void) {
  return chase(SEGCOLOR(1), (SEGCOLOR(2)) ? SEGCOLOR(2) : SEGCOLOR(0), SEGCOLOR(0), false);
}


/*
 * Primary, secondary running on rainbow.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_chase_rainbow(void) {
  uint8_t color_sep = 256 / SEGLEN;
  if (color_sep == 0) color_sep = 1;                                           // correction for segments longer than 256 LEDs
  uint8_t color_index = SEGENV.call & 0xFF;
  uint32_t color = color_wheel(((SEGENV.step * color_sep) + color_index) & 0xFF);

  return chase(color, SEGCOLOR(0), SEGCOLOR(1), false);
}


/*
 * Primary running on rainbow.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_chase_rainbow_white(void) {
  uint16_t n = SEGENV.step;
  uint16_t m = (SEGENV.step + 1) % SEGLEN;
  uint32_t color2 = color_wheel(((n * 256 / SEGLEN) + (SEGENV.call & 0xFF)) & 0xFF);
  uint32_t color3 = color_wheel(((m * 256 / SEGLEN) + (SEGENV.call & 0xFF)) & 0xFF);

  return chase(SEGCOLOR(0), color2, color3, false);
}


/*
 * Red - Amber - Green - Blue lights running
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_colorful(void) {
  uint8_t numColors = 4; //3, 4, or 5
  uint32_t cols[9]{0x00FF0000,0x00EEBB00,0x0000EE00,0x000077CC};
  if (SEGMENT.intensity > 160 || SEGMENT.palette) { //palette or color
    if (!SEGMENT.palette) {
      numColors = 3;
      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) cols[i] = SEGCOLOR(i);
    } else {
      uint16_t fac = 80;
      if (SEGMENT.palette == 52) {numColors = 5; fac = 61;} //C9 2 has 5 colors
      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numColors; i++) {
        cols[i] = color_from_palette(i*fac, false, true, 255);
      }
    }
  } else if (SEGMENT.intensity < 80) //pastel (easter) colors
  {
    cols[0] = 0x00FF8040;
    cols[1] = 0x00E5D241;
    cols[2] = 0x0077FF77;
    cols[3] = 0x0077F0F0;
  }
  for (uint8_t i = numColors; i < numColors*2 -1; i++) cols[i] = cols[i-numColors];
  
  uint32_t cycleTime = 50 + (8 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed));
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  if (it != SEGENV.step)
  {
    if (SEGMENT.speed > 0) SEGENV.aux0++;
    if (SEGENV.aux0 >= numColors) SEGENV.aux0 = 0;
    SEGENV.step = it;
  }
  
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i+= numColors)
  {
    for (uint16_t j = 0; j < numColors; j++) setPixelColor(i + j, cols[SEGENV.aux0 + j]);
  }
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Emulates a traffic light.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_traffic_light(void) {
  for(uint16_t i=0; i < SEGLEN; i++)
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 1));
  uint32_t mdelay = 500;
  for (int i = 0; i < SEGLEN-2 ; i+=3)
  {
    switch (SEGENV.aux0)
    {
      case 0: setPixelColor(i, 0x00FF0000); mdelay = 150 + (100 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed));break;
      case 1: setPixelColor(i, 0x00FF0000); mdelay = 150 + (20 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed)); setPixelColor(i+1, 0x00EECC00); break;
      case 2: setPixelColor(i+2, 0x0000FF00); mdelay = 150 + (100 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed));break;
      case 3: setPixelColor(i+1, 0x00EECC00); mdelay = 150 + (20 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed));break;
    }
  }

  if (now - SEGENV.step > mdelay)
  {
    SEGENV.aux0++;
    if (SEGENV.aux0 == 1 && SEGMENT.intensity > 140) SEGENV.aux0 = 2; //skip Red + Amber, to get US-style sequence
    if (SEGENV.aux0 > 3) SEGENV.aux0 = 0;
    SEGENV.step = now;
  }
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Sec flashes running on prim.
 */
#define FLASH_COUNT 4
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_chase_flash(void) {
  uint8_t flash_step = SEGENV.call % ((FLASH_COUNT * 2) + 1);

  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
  }

  uint16_t delay = 10 + ((30 * (uint16_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed)) / SEGLEN);
  if(flash_step < (FLASH_COUNT * 2)) {
    if(flash_step % 2 == 0) {
      uint16_t n = SEGENV.step;
      uint16_t m = (SEGENV.step + 1) % SEGLEN;
      setPixelColor( n, SEGCOLOR(1));
      setPixelColor( m, SEGCOLOR(1));
      delay = 20;
    } else {
      delay = 30;
    }
  } else {
    SEGENV.step = (SEGENV.step + 1) % SEGLEN;
  }
  return delay;
}


/*
 * Prim flashes running, followed by random color.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_chase_flash_random(void) {
  uint8_t flash_step = SEGENV.call % ((FLASH_COUNT * 2) + 1);

  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGENV.step; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, color_wheel(SEGENV.aux0));
  }

  uint16_t delay = 1 + ((10 * (uint16_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed)) / SEGLEN);
  if(flash_step < (FLASH_COUNT * 2)) {
    uint16_t n = SEGENV.step;
    uint16_t m = (SEGENV.step + 1) % SEGLEN;
    if(flash_step % 2 == 0) {
      setPixelColor( n, SEGCOLOR(0));
      setPixelColor( m, SEGCOLOR(0));
      delay = 20;
    } else {
      setPixelColor( n, color_wheel(SEGENV.aux0));
      setPixelColor( m, SEGCOLOR(1));
      delay = 30;
    }
  } else {
    SEGENV.step = (SEGENV.step + 1) % SEGLEN;

    if (SEGENV.step == 0) {
      SEGENV.aux0 = get_random_wheel_index(SEGENV.aux0);
    }
  }
  return delay;
}


/*
 * Alternating pixels running function.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::running(uint32_t color1, uint32_t color2, bool theatre) {
  uint8_t width = (theatre ? 3 : 1) + (SEGMENT.intensity >> 4);  // window
  uint32_t cycleTime = 50 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed);
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  bool usePalette = color1 == SEGCOLOR(0);
  
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    uint32_t col = color2;
    if (usePalette) color1 = color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0);
    if (theatre) {
      if ((i % width) == SEGENV.aux0) col = color1;
    } else {
      int8_t pos = (i % (width<<1));
      if ((pos < SEGENV.aux0-width) || ((pos >= SEGENV.aux0) && (pos < SEGENV.aux0+width))) col = color1;
    }
    setPixelColor(i,col);
  }

  if (it != SEGENV.step) {
    SEGENV.aux0 = (SEGENV.aux0 +1) % (theatre ? width : (width<<1));
    SEGENV.step = it;
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}

/*
 * Alternating color/sec pixels running.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_running_color(void) {
  return running(SEGCOLOR(0), SEGCOLOR(1));
}

/*
 * Alternating red/white pixels running.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_candy_cane(void) {
  return running(RED, WHITE);
}

/*
 * Alternating orange/purple pixels running.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_halloween(void) {
  return running(PURPLE, ORANGE);
}


/*
 * Random colored pixels running. ("Stream")
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_running_random(void) {
  uint32_t cycleTime = 25 + (3 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed));
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  if (SEGENV.call == 0) SEGENV.aux0 = random16(); // random seed for PRNG on start

  uint8_t zoneSize = ((255-SEGMENT.intensity) >> 4) +1;
  uint16_t PRNG16 = SEGENV.aux0;

  uint8_t z = it % zoneSize;
  bool nzone = (!z && it != SEGENV.aux1);
  for (uint16_t i=SEGLEN-1; i > 0; i--) {
    if (nzone || z >= zoneSize) {
      uint8_t lastrand = PRNG16 >> 8;
      int16_t diff = 0;
      while (abs(diff) < 42) { // make sure the difference between adjacent colors is big enough
        PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 13849; // next zone, next 'random' number
        diff = (PRNG16 >> 8) - lastrand;
      }
      if (nzone) {
        SEGENV.aux0 = PRNG16; // save next starting seed
        nzone = false;
      }
      z = 0;
    }
    setPixelColor(i, color_wheel(PRNG16 >> 8));
    z++;
  }

  SEGENV.aux1 = it;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * K.I.T.T.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_larson_scanner(void){
  return larson_scanner(false);
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::larson_scanner(bool dual) {
  uint16_t counter = now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) +8);
  uint16_t index = counter * SEGLEN  >> 16;

  fade_out(SEGMENT.intensity);

  if (SEGENV.step > index && SEGENV.step - index > SEGLEN/2) {
    SEGENV.aux0 = !SEGENV.aux0;
  }
  
  for (uint16_t i = SEGENV.step; i < index; i++) {
    uint16_t j = (SEGENV.aux0)?i:SEGLEN-1-i;
    setPixelColor( j, color_from_palette(j, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
  }
  if (dual) {
    uint32_t c;
    if (SEGCOLOR(2) != 0) {
      c = SEGCOLOR(2);
    } else {
      c = color_from_palette(index, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0);
    }

    for (uint16_t i = SEGENV.step; i < index; i++) {
      uint16_t j = (SEGENV.aux0)?SEGLEN-1-i:i;
      setPixelColor(j, c);
    }
  }

  SEGENV.step = index;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Firing comets from one end. "Lighthouse"
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_comet(void) {
  uint16_t counter = now * ((SEGMENT.speed >>2) +1);
  uint16_t index = counter * SEGLEN >> 16;
  if (SEGENV.call == 0) SEGENV.aux0 = index;

  fade_out(SEGMENT.intensity);

  setPixelColor( index, color_from_palette(index, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
  if (index > SEGENV.aux0) {
    for (uint16_t i = SEGENV.aux0; i < index ; i++) {
       setPixelColor( i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
    }
  } else if (index < SEGENV.aux0 && index < 10) {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < index ; i++) {
       setPixelColor( i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
    }      
  }
  SEGENV.aux0 = index++;

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Fireworks function.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_fireworks() {
  fade_out(0);

  if (SEGENV.call == 0) {
    SEGENV.aux0 = UINT16_MAX;
    SEGENV.aux1 = UINT16_MAX;
  }
  bool valid1 = (SEGENV.aux0 < SEGLEN);
  bool valid2 = (SEGENV.aux1 < SEGLEN);
  uint32_t sv1 = 0, sv2 = 0;
  if (valid1) sv1 = getPixelColor(SEGENV.aux0); // get spark color
  if (valid2) sv2 = getPixelColor(SEGENV.aux1);
  blur(255-SEGMENT.speed);
  if (valid1) setPixelColor(SEGENV.aux0, sv1);  // restore spark color after blur
  if (valid2) setPixelColor(SEGENV.aux1, sv2);  // restore old spark color after blur

  for (uint16_t i=0; i<MAX(1, SEGLEN/20); i++) {
    if (random8(129 - (SEGMENT.intensity >> 1)) == 0) {
      uint16_t index = random16(SEGLEN);
      setPixelColor(index, color_from_palette(random8(), false, false, 0));
      SEGENV.aux1 = SEGENV.aux0;  // old spark
      SEGENV.aux0 = index;        // remember where spark occured
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


//Twinkling LEDs running. Inspired by https://github.com/kitesurfer1404/WS2812FX/blob/master/src/custom/Rain.h
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_rain()
{
  SEGENV.step += FRAMETIME;
  if (SEGENV.step > SPEED_FORMULA_L) {
    SEGENV.step = 0;
    //shift all leds left
    uint32_t ctemp = getPixelColor(0);
    for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN - 1; i++) {
      setPixelColor(i, getPixelColor(i+1));
    }
    setPixelColor(SEGLEN -1, ctemp); // wrap around
    SEGENV.aux0++;  // increase spark index
    SEGENV.aux1++;
    if (SEGENV.aux0 == 0) SEGENV.aux0 = UINT16_MAX; // reset previous spark positiom
    if (SEGENV.aux1 == 0) SEGENV.aux0 = UINT16_MAX; // reset previous spark positiom
    if (SEGENV.aux0 == SEGLEN) SEGENV.aux0 = 0;     // ignore
    if (SEGENV.aux1 == SEGLEN) SEGENV.aux1 = 0;
  }
  return mode_fireworks();
}


/*
 * Fire flicker function
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_fire_flicker(void) {
  uint32_t cycleTime = 40 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed);
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  if (SEGENV.step == it) return FRAMETIME;
  
  byte w = (SEGCOLOR(0) >> 24);
  byte r = (SEGCOLOR(0) >> 16);
  byte g = (SEGCOLOR(0) >>  8);
  byte b = (SEGCOLOR(0)      );
  byte lum = (SEGMENT.palette == 0) ? MAX(w, MAX(r, MAX(g, b))) : 255;
  lum /= (((256-SEGMENT.intensity)/16)+1);
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    byte flicker = random8(lum);
    if (SEGMENT.palette == 0) {
      setPixelColor(i, MAX(r - flicker, 0), MAX(g - flicker, 0), MAX(b - flicker, 0), MAX(w - flicker, 0));
    } else {
      setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0, 255 - flicker));
    }
  }

  SEGENV.step = it;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Gradient run base function
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::gradient_base(bool loading) {
  uint16_t counter = now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) + 1);
  uint16_t pp = counter * SEGLEN >> 16;
  if (SEGENV.call == 0) pp = 0;
  float val; //0.0 = sec 1.0 = pri
  float brd = loading ? SEGMENT.intensity : SEGMENT.intensity/2;
  if (brd <1.0) brd = 1.0;
  int p1 = pp-SEGLEN;
  int p2 = pp+SEGLEN;

  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++)
  {
    if (loading)
    {
      val = abs(((i>pp) ? p2:pp) -i);
    } else {
      val = MIN(abs(pp-i),MIN(abs(p1-i),abs(p2-i)));
    }
    val = (brd > val) ? val/brd * 255 : 255;
    setPixelColor(i, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(0), color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 1), val));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Gradient run
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_gradient(void) {
  return gradient_base(false);
}


/*
 * Gradient run with hard transition
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_loading(void) {
  return gradient_base(true);
}


//American Police Light with all LEDs Red and Blue 
uint16_t WS2812FX::police_base(uint32_t color1, uint32_t color2)
{
  uint16_t delay = 1 + (FRAMETIME<<3) / SEGLEN;  // longer segments should change faster
  uint32_t it = now / map(SEGMENT.speed, 0, 255, delay<<4, delay);
  uint16_t offset = it % SEGLEN;
  
	uint16_t width = ((SEGLEN*(SEGMENT.intensity+1))>>9); //max width is half the strip
  if (!width) width = 1;
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < width; i++) {
    uint16_t indexR = (offset + i) % SEGLEN;
    uint16_t indexB = (offset + i + (SEGLEN>>1)) % SEGLEN;
    setPixelColor(indexR, color1);
    setPixelColor(indexB, color2);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


//Police Lights Red and Blue 
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_police()
{
  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));
  return police_base(RED, BLUE);
}


//Police Lights with custom colors 
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_two_dots()
{
  fill(SEGCOLOR(2));
  uint32_t color2 = (SEGCOLOR(1) == SEGCOLOR(2)) ? SEGCOLOR(0) : SEGCOLOR(1);

  return police_base(SEGCOLOR(0), color2);
}


/*
 * Fairy, inspired by https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeOw5MZWq24
 */
//4 bytes
typedef struct Flasher {
  uint16_t stateStart;
  uint8_t stateDur;
	bool stateOn;
} flasher;

#define FLASHERS_PER_ZONE 6
#define MAX_SHIMMER 92

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_fairy() {
	//set every pixel to a 'random' color from palette (using seed so it doesn't change between frames)
	uint16_t PRNG16 = 5100 + _segment_index;
	for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
		PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 1384; //next 'random' number
		setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(PRNG16 >> 8, false, false, 0));
	}

	//amount of flasher pixels depending on intensity (0: none, 255: every LED)
	if (SEGMENT.intensity == 0) return FRAMETIME;
	uint8_t flasherDistance = ((255 - SEGMENT.intensity) / 28) +1; //1-10
	uint16_t numFlashers = (SEGLEN / flasherDistance) +1;
	
	uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(flasher) * numFlashers;
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return FRAMETIME; //allocation failed
	Flasher* flashers = reinterpret_cast<Flasher*>(SEGENV.data);
	uint16_t now16 = now & 0xFFFF;

	//Up to 11 flashers in one brightness zone, afterwards a new zone for every 6 flashers
	uint16_t zones = numFlashers/FLASHERS_PER_ZONE;
	if (!zones) zones = 1;
	uint8_t flashersInZone = numFlashers/zones;
	uint8_t flasherBri[FLASHERS_PER_ZONE*2 -1];

	for (uint16_t z = 0; z < zones; z++) {
		uint16_t flasherBriSum = 0;
		uint16_t firstFlasher = z*flashersInZone;
		if (z == zones-1) flashersInZone = numFlashers-(flashersInZone*(zones-1));

		for (uint16_t f = firstFlasher; f < firstFlasher + flashersInZone; f++) {
			uint16_t stateTime = now16 - flashers[f].stateStart;
			//random on/off time reached, switch state
			if (stateTime > flashers[f].stateDur * 10) {
				flashers[f].stateOn = !flashers[f].stateOn;
				if (flashers[f].stateOn) {
					flashers[f].stateDur = 12 + random8(12 + ((255 - SEGMENT.speed) >> 2)); //*10, 250ms to 1250ms
				} else {
					flashers[f].stateDur = 20 + random8(6 + ((255 - SEGMENT.speed) >> 2)); //*10, 250ms to 1250ms
				}
				//flashers[f].stateDur = 51 + random8(2 + ((255 - SEGMENT.speed) >> 1));
				flashers[f].stateStart = now16;
				if (stateTime < 255) {
					flashers[f].stateStart -= 255 -stateTime; //start early to get correct bri
					flashers[f].stateDur += 26 - stateTime/10;
					stateTime = 255 - stateTime;
				} else {
					stateTime = 0;
				}
			}
			if (stateTime > 255) stateTime = 255; //for flasher brightness calculation, fades in first 255 ms of state
			//flasherBri[f - firstFlasher] = (flashers[f].stateOn) ? 255-gamma8((510 - stateTime) >> 1) : gamma8((510 - stateTime) >> 1);
			flasherBri[f - firstFlasher] = (flashers[f].stateOn) ? stateTime : 255 - (stateTime >> 0);
			flasherBriSum += flasherBri[f - firstFlasher];
		}
		//dim factor, to create "shimmer" as other pixels get less voltage if a lot of flashers are on
		uint8_t avgFlasherBri = flasherBriSum / flashersInZone;
		uint8_t globalPeakBri = 255 - ((avgFlasherBri * MAX_SHIMMER) >> 8); //183-255, suitable for 1/5th of LEDs flashers

		for (uint16_t f = firstFlasher; f < firstFlasher + flashersInZone; f++) {
			uint8_t bri = (flasherBri[f - firstFlasher] * globalPeakBri) / 255;
			PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 1384; //next 'random' number
			uint16_t flasherPos = f*flasherDistance;
			setPixelColor(flasherPos, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(PRNG16 >> 8, false, false, 0), bri));
			for (uint16_t i = flasherPos+1; i < flasherPos+flasherDistance && i < SEGLEN; i++) {
				PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 1384; //next 'random' number
				setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(PRNG16 >> 8, false, false, 0, globalPeakBri));
			}
		}
	}
	return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Fairytwinkle. Like Colortwinkle, but starting from all lit and not relying on getPixelColor
 * Warning: Uses 4 bytes of segment data per pixel
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_fairytwinkle() {
	uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(flasher) * SEGLEN;
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
	Flasher* flashers = reinterpret_cast<Flasher*>(SEGENV.data);
	uint16_t now16 = now & 0xFFFF;
	uint16_t PRNG16 = 5100 + _segment_index;

	uint16_t riseFallTime = 400 + (255-SEGMENT.speed)*3;
	uint16_t maxDur = riseFallTime/100 + ((255 - SEGMENT.intensity) >> 2) + 13 + ((255 - SEGMENT.intensity) >> 1);

	for (uint16_t f = 0; f < SEGLEN; f++) {
		uint16_t stateTime = now16 - flashers[f].stateStart;
		//random on/off time reached, switch state
		if (stateTime > flashers[f].stateDur * 100) {
			flashers[f].stateOn = !flashers[f].stateOn;
			bool init = !flashers[f].stateDur;
			if (flashers[f].stateOn) {
				flashers[f].stateDur = riseFallTime/100 + ((255 - SEGMENT.intensity) >> 2) + random8(12 + ((255 - SEGMENT.intensity) >> 1)) +1;
			} else {
				flashers[f].stateDur = riseFallTime/100 + random8(3 + ((255 - SEGMENT.speed) >> 6)) +1;
			}
			flashers[f].stateStart = now16;
			stateTime = 0;
			if (init) {
				flashers[f].stateStart -= riseFallTime; //start lit
				flashers[f].stateDur = riseFallTime/100 + random8(12 + ((255 - SEGMENT.intensity) >> 1)) +5; //fire up a little quicker
				stateTime = riseFallTime;
			}
		}
		if (flashers[f].stateOn && flashers[f].stateDur > maxDur) flashers[f].stateDur = maxDur; //react more quickly on intensity change
		if (stateTime > riseFallTime) stateTime = riseFallTime; //for flasher brightness calculation, fades in first 255 ms of state
		uint8_t fadeprog = 255 - ((stateTime * 255) / riseFallTime);
		uint8_t flasherBri = (flashers[f].stateOn) ? 255-gamma8(fadeprog) : gamma8(fadeprog);
		uint16_t lastR = PRNG16;
		uint16_t diff = 0;
		while (diff < 0x4000) { //make sure colors of two adjacent LEDs differ enough
			PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 1384; //next 'random' number
			diff = (PRNG16 > lastR) ? PRNG16 - lastR : lastR - PRNG16;
		}
		setPixelColor(f, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(PRNG16 >> 8, false, false, 0), flasherBri));
	}
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Tricolor chase function
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::tricolor_chase(uint32_t color1, uint32_t color2) {
  uint32_t cycleTime = 50 + ((255 - SEGMENT.speed)<<1);
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;  // iterator
  uint8_t width = (1 + (SEGMENT.intensity>>4)); // value of 1-16 for each colour
  uint8_t index = it % (width*3);
  
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++, index++) {
    if (index > (width*3)-1) index = 0;

    uint32_t color = color1;
    if (index > (width<<1)-1) color = color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 1);
    else if (index > width-1) color = color2;

    setPixelColor(SEGLEN - i -1, color);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Tricolor chase mode
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_tricolor_chase(void) {
  return tricolor_chase(SEGCOLOR(2), SEGCOLOR(0));
}


/*
 * ICU mode
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_icu(void) {
  uint16_t dest = SEGENV.step & 0xFFFF;
  uint8_t space = (SEGMENT.intensity >> 3) +2;

  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));

  byte pindex = map(dest, 0, SEGLEN-SEGLEN/space, 0, 255);
  uint32_t col = color_from_palette(pindex, false, false, 0);

  setPixelColor(dest, col);
  setPixelColor(dest + SEGLEN/space, col);

  if(SEGENV.aux0 == dest) { // pause between eye movements
    if(random8(6) == 0) { // blink once in a while
      setPixelColor(dest, SEGCOLOR(1));
      setPixelColor(dest + SEGLEN/space, SEGCOLOR(1));
      return 200;
    }
    SEGENV.aux0 = random16(SEGLEN-SEGLEN/space);
    return 1000 + random16(2000);
  }

  if(SEGENV.aux0 > SEGENV.step) {
    SEGENV.step++;
    dest++;
  } else if (SEGENV.aux0 < SEGENV.step) {
    SEGENV.step--;
    dest--;
  }

  setPixelColor(dest, col);
  setPixelColor(dest + SEGLEN/space, col);

  return SPEED_FORMULA_L;
}


/*
 * Custom mode by Aircoookie. Color Wipe, but with 3 colors
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_tricolor_wipe(void)
{
  uint32_t cycleTime = 1000 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*200;
  uint32_t perc = now % cycleTime;
  uint16_t prog = (perc * 65535) / cycleTime;
  uint16_t ledIndex = (prog * SEGLEN * 3) >> 16;
  uint16_t ledOffset = ledIndex;

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++)
  {
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 2));
  }
  
  if(ledIndex < SEGLEN) { //wipe from 0 to 1
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++)
    {
      setPixelColor(i, (i > ledOffset)? SEGCOLOR(0) : SEGCOLOR(1));
    }
  } else if (ledIndex < SEGLEN*2) { //wipe from 1 to 2
    ledOffset = ledIndex - SEGLEN;
    for (uint16_t i = ledOffset +1; i < SEGLEN; i++)
    {
      setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(1));
    }
  } else //wipe from 2 to 0
  {
    ledOffset = ledIndex - SEGLEN*2;
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= ledOffset; i++)
    {
      setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(0));
    }
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Fades between 3 colors
 * Custom mode by Keith Lord: https://github.com/kitesurfer1404/WS2812FX/blob/master/src/custom/TriFade.h
 * Modified by Aircoookie
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_tricolor_fade(void)
{
  uint16_t counter = now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 3) +1);
  uint32_t prog = (counter * 768) >> 16;

  uint32_t color1 = 0, color2 = 0;
  byte stage = 0;

  if(prog < 256) {
    color1 = SEGCOLOR(0);
    color2 = SEGCOLOR(1);
    stage = 0;
  } else if(prog < 512) {
    color1 = SEGCOLOR(1);
    color2 = SEGCOLOR(2);
    stage = 1;
  } else {
    color1 = SEGCOLOR(2);
    color2 = SEGCOLOR(0);
    stage = 2;
  }

  byte stp = prog; // % 256
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    uint32_t color;
    if (stage == 2) {
      color = color_blend(color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 2), color2, stp);
    } else if (stage == 1) {
      color = color_blend(color1, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 2), stp);
    } else {
      color = color_blend(color1, color2, stp);
    }
    setPixelColor(i, color);
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Creates random comets
 * Custom mode by Keith Lord: https://github.com/kitesurfer1404/WS2812FX/blob/master/src/custom/MultiComet.h
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_multi_comet(void)
{
  uint32_t cycleTime = 10 + (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed);
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  if (SEGENV.step == it) return FRAMETIME;
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(sizeof(uint16_t) * 8)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  
  fade_out(SEGMENT.intensity);
  
  uint16_t* comets = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(SEGENV.data);

  for(uint8_t i=0; i < 8; i++) {
    if(comets[i] < SEGLEN) {
      uint16_t index = comets[i];
      if (SEGCOLOR(2) != 0)
      {
        setPixelColor(index, i % 2 ? color_from_palette(index, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0) : SEGCOLOR(2));
      } else
      {
        setPixelColor(index, color_from_palette(index, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
      }
      comets[i]++;
    } else {
      if(!random(SEGLEN)) {
        comets[i] = 0;
      }
    }
  }

  SEGENV.step = it;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Creates two Larson scanners moving in opposite directions
 * Custom mode by Keith Lord: https://github.com/kitesurfer1404/WS2812FX/blob/master/src/custom/DualLarson.h
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_dual_larson_scanner(void){
  return larson_scanner(true);
}


/*
 * Running random pixels ("Stream 2")
 * Custom mode by Keith Lord: https://github.com/kitesurfer1404/WS2812FX/blob/master/src/custom/RandomChase.h
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_random_chase(void)
{
  if (SEGENV.call == 0) {
    SEGENV.step = RGBW32(random8(), random8(), random8(), 0);
    SEGENV.aux0 = random16();
  }
  uint16_t prevSeed = random16_get_seed(); // save seed so we can restore it at the end of the function
  uint32_t cycleTime = 25 + (3 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed));
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;
  uint32_t color = SEGENV.step;
  random16_set_seed(SEGENV.aux0);

  for(uint16_t i = SEGLEN -1; i > 0; i--) {
    uint8_t r = random8(6) != 0 ? (color >> 16 & 0xFF) : random8();
    uint8_t g = random8(6) != 0 ? (color >> 8  & 0xFF) : random8();
    uint8_t b = random8(6) != 0 ? (color       & 0xFF) : random8();
    color = RGBW32(r, g, b, 0);
    setPixelColor(i, r, g, b);
    if (i == SEGLEN -1 && SEGENV.aux1 != (it & 0xFFFF)) { //new first color in next frame
      SEGENV.step = color;
      SEGENV.aux0 = random16_get_seed();
    }
  }

  SEGENV.aux1 = it & 0xFFFF;

  random16_set_seed(prevSeed); // restore original seed so other effects can use "random" PRNG
  return FRAMETIME;
}

//7 bytes
typedef struct Oscillator {
  int16_t pos;
  int8_t  size;
  int8_t  dir;
  int8_t  speed;
} oscillator;

/*
/  Oscillating bars of color, updated with standard framerate
*/
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_oscillate(void)
{
  uint8_t numOscillators = 3;
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(oscillator) * numOscillators;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  
  Oscillator* oscillators = reinterpret_cast<Oscillator*>(SEGENV.data);

  if (SEGENV.call == 0)
  {
    oscillators[0] = {(int16_t)(SEGLEN/4),   (int8_t)(SEGLEN/8),  1, 1};
    oscillators[1] = {(int16_t)(SEGLEN/4*3), (int8_t)(SEGLEN/8),  1, 2};
    oscillators[2] = {(int16_t)(SEGLEN/4*2), (int8_t)(SEGLEN/8), -1, 1};
  }

  uint32_t cycleTime = 20 + (2 * (uint32_t)(255 - SEGMENT.speed));
  uint32_t it = now / cycleTime;

  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < numOscillators; i++) {
    // if the counter has increased, move the oscillator by the random step
    if (it != SEGENV.step) oscillators[i].pos += oscillators[i].dir * oscillators[i].speed;
    oscillators[i].size = SEGLEN/(3+SEGMENT.intensity/8);
    if((oscillators[i].dir == -1) && (oscillators[i].pos <= 0)) {
      oscillators[i].pos = 0;
      oscillators[i].dir = 1;
      // make bigger steps for faster speeds
      oscillators[i].speed = SEGMENT.speed > 100 ? random8(2, 4):random8(1, 3);
    }
    if((oscillators[i].dir == 1) && (oscillators[i].pos >= (SEGLEN - 1))) {
      oscillators[i].pos = SEGLEN - 1;
      oscillators[i].dir = -1;
      oscillators[i].speed = SEGMENT.speed > 100 ? random8(2, 4):random8(1, 3);
    }
  }

  for(uint16_t i=0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    uint32_t color = BLACK;
    for(uint8_t j=0; j < numOscillators; j++) {
      if(i >= oscillators[j].pos - oscillators[j].size && i <= oscillators[j].pos + oscillators[j].size) {
        color = (color == BLACK) ? SEGCOLOR(j) : color_blend(color, SEGCOLOR(j), 128);
      }
    }
    setPixelColor(i, color);
  }
 
  SEGENV.step = it;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_lightning(void)
{
  uint16_t ledstart = random16(SEGLEN);               // Determine starting location of flash
  uint16_t ledlen = 1 + random16(SEGLEN -ledstart);   // Determine length of flash (not to go beyond NUM_LEDS-1)
  uint8_t bri = 255/random8(1, 3);

  if (SEGENV.aux1 == 0) //init, leader flash
  {
    SEGENV.aux1 = random8(4, 4 + SEGMENT.intensity/20); //number of flashes
    SEGENV.aux1 *= 2;

    bri = 52; //leader has lower brightness
    SEGENV.aux0 = 200; //200ms delay after leader
  }

  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));

  if (SEGENV.aux1 > 3 && !(SEGENV.aux1 & 0x01)) { //flash on even number >2
    for (int i = ledstart; i < ledstart + ledlen; i++)
    {
      setPixelColor(i,color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0, bri));
    }
    SEGENV.aux1--;

    SEGENV.step = millis();
    //return random8(4, 10); // each flash only lasts one frame/every 24ms... originally 4-10 milliseconds
  } else {
    if (millis() - SEGENV.step > SEGENV.aux0) {
      SEGENV.aux1--;
      if (SEGENV.aux1 < 2) SEGENV.aux1 = 0;

      SEGENV.aux0 = (50 + random8(100)); //delay between flashes
      if (SEGENV.aux1 == 2) {
        SEGENV.aux0 = (random8(255 - SEGMENT.speed) * 100); // delay between strikes
      }
      SEGENV.step = millis();
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


// Pride2015
// Animated, ever-changing rainbows.
// by Mark Kriegsman: https://gist.github.com/kriegsman/964de772d64c502760e5
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_pride_2015(void)
{
  uint16_t duration = 10 + SEGMENT.speed;
  uint16_t sPseudotime = SEGENV.step;
  uint16_t sHue16 = SEGENV.aux0;

  uint8_t sat8 = beatsin88( 87, 220, 250);
  uint8_t brightdepth = beatsin88( 341, 96, 224);
  uint16_t brightnessthetainc16 = beatsin88( 203, (25 * 256), (40 * 256));
  uint8_t msmultiplier = beatsin88(147, 23, 60);

  uint16_t hue16 = sHue16;//gHue * 256;
  uint16_t hueinc16 = beatsin88(113, 1, 3000);

  sPseudotime += duration * msmultiplier;
  sHue16 += duration * beatsin88( 400, 5,9);
  uint16_t brightnesstheta16 = sPseudotime;
  CRGB fastled_col;

  for (uint16_t i = 0 ; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    hue16 += hueinc16;
    uint8_t hue8 = hue16 >> 8;

    brightnesstheta16  += brightnessthetainc16;
    uint16_t b16 = sin16( brightnesstheta16  ) + 32768;

    uint16_t bri16 = (uint32_t)((uint32_t)b16 * (uint32_t)b16) / 65536;
    uint8_t bri8 = (uint32_t)(((uint32_t)bri16) * brightdepth) / 65536;
    bri8 += (255 - brightdepth);

    CRGB newcolor = CHSV( hue8, sat8, bri8);
    fastled_col = col_to_crgb(getPixelColor(i));

    nblend(fastled_col, newcolor, 64);
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }
  SEGENV.step = sPseudotime;
  SEGENV.aux0 = sHue16;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


//eight colored dots, weaving in and out of sync with each other
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_juggle(void){
  fade_out(SEGMENT.intensity);
  CRGB fastled_col;
  byte dothue = 0;
  for ( byte i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    uint16_t index = 0 + beatsin88((128 + SEGMENT.speed)*(i + 7), 0, SEGLEN -1);
    fastled_col = col_to_crgb(getPixelColor(index));
    fastled_col |= (SEGMENT.palette==0)?CHSV(dothue, 220, 255):ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, dothue, 255);
    setPixelColor(index, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
    dothue += 32;
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_palette()
{
  uint16_t counter = 0;
  if (SEGMENT.speed != 0) 
  {
    counter = (now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 3) +1)) & 0xFFFF;
    counter = counter >> 8;
  }
  
  bool noWrap = (paletteBlend == 2 || (paletteBlend == 0 && SEGMENT.speed == 0));
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++)
  {
    uint8_t colorIndex = (i * 255 / SEGLEN) - counter;
    
    if (noWrap) colorIndex = map(colorIndex, 0, 255, 0, 240); //cut off blend at palette "end"
    
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(colorIndex, false, true, 255));
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


// WLED limitation: Analog Clock overlay will NOT work when Fire2012 is active
// Fire2012 by Mark Kriegsman, July 2012
// as part of "Five Elements" shown here: http://youtu.be/knWiGsmgycY
//// 
// This basic one-dimensional 'fire' simulation works roughly as follows:
// There's a underlying array of 'heat' cells, that model the temperature
// at each point along the line.  Every cycle through the simulation, 
// four steps are performed:
//  1) All cells cool down a little bit, losing heat to the air
//  2) The heat from each cell drifts 'up' and diffuses a little
//  3) Sometimes randomly new 'sparks' of heat are added at the bottom
//  4) The heat from each cell is rendered as a color into the leds array
//     The heat-to-color mapping uses a black-body radiation approximation.
//
// Temperature is in arbitrary units from 0 (cold black) to 255 (white hot).
//
// This simulation scales it self a bit depending on NUM_LEDS; it should look
// "OK" on anywhere from 20 to 100 LEDs without too much tweaking. 
//
// I recommend running this simulation at anywhere from 30-100 frames per second,
// meaning an interframe delay of about 10-35 milliseconds.
//
// Looks best on a high-density LED setup (60+ pixels/meter).
//
//
// There are two main parameters you can play with to control the look and
// feel of your fire: COOLING (used in step 1 above) (Speed = COOLING), and SPARKING (used
// in step 3 above) (Effect Intensity = Sparking).


uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_fire_2012()
{
  uint32_t it = now >> 5; //div 32
  uint16_t nFlames = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t q = nFlames>>2; // a quarter of segment height

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(SEGLEN*nFlames)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  
  byte* heat = SEGENV.data;

  if (it != SEGENV.step) {
    SEGENV.step = it;
    uint8_t ignition = max(3,SEGLEN/10);  // ignition area: 10% of segment length or minimum 3 pixels

    for (uint16_t f = 0; f < nFlames; f++) {
      // Step 1.  Cool down every cell a little
      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
        uint8_t cool = (((20 + SEGMENT.speed /3) * 10) / SEGLEN);
        // 2D enhancement: cool sides of the flame a bit more
        if (nFlames>5) {
          if (f < q)   qadd8(cool, (uint16_t)((cool *       (q-f))/nFlames)); // cool segment sides a bit more
          if (f > 3*q) qadd8(cool, (uint16_t)((cool * (nFlames-f))/nFlames)); // cool segment sides a bit more
        }
        uint8_t temp = qsub8(heat[i+SEGLEN*f], random8(0, cool + 2));
        heat[i+SEGLEN*f] = (temp==0 && i<ignition) ? 16 : temp; // prevent ignition area from becoming black
      }

      // Step 2.  Heat from each cell drifts 'up' and diffuses a little
      for (uint16_t k= SEGLEN -1; k > 1; k--) {
        heat[k+SEGLEN*f] = (heat[k+SEGLEN*f - 1] + (heat[k+SEGLEN*f - 2]<<1) ) / 3;  // heat[k-2] multiplied by 2
      }

      // Step 3.  Randomly ignite new 'sparks' of heat near the bottom
      if (random8() <= SEGMENT.intensity) {
        uint8_t y = random8(ignition);
        if (y < SEGLEN) heat[y+SEGLEN*f] = qadd8(heat[y+SEGLEN*f], random8(160,255));
      }

      // Step 4.  Map from heat cells to LED colors
      for (uint16_t j = 0; j < SEGLEN; j++) {
        CRGB color = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, MIN(heat[j+SEGLEN*f],240), 255, LINEARBLEND);
        if (isMatrix) setPixelColorXY(j, f, color);
        else          setPixelColor(j, color);
      }
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


// ColorWavesWithPalettes by Mark Kriegsman: https://gist.github.com/kriegsman/8281905786e8b2632aeb
// This function draws color waves with an ever-changing,
// widely-varying set of parameters, using a color palette.
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_colorwaves()
{
  uint16_t duration = 10 + SEGMENT.speed;
  uint16_t sPseudotime = SEGENV.step;
  uint16_t sHue16 = SEGENV.aux0;

  uint8_t brightdepth = beatsin88(341, 96, 224);
  uint16_t brightnessthetainc16 = beatsin88( 203, (25 * 256), (40 * 256));
  uint8_t msmultiplier = beatsin88(147, 23, 60);

  uint16_t hue16 = sHue16;//gHue * 256;
  // uint16_t hueinc16 = beatsin88(113, 300, 1500);
  uint16_t hueinc16 = beatsin88(113, 60, 300)*SEGMENT.intensity*10/255;  // Use the Intensity Slider for the hues

  sPseudotime += duration * msmultiplier;
  sHue16 += duration * beatsin88(400, 5, 9);
  uint16_t brightnesstheta16 = sPseudotime;
  CRGB fastled_col;

  for ( uint16_t i = 0 ; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    hue16 += hueinc16;
    uint8_t hue8 = hue16 >> 8;
    uint16_t h16_128 = hue16 >> 7;
    if ( h16_128 & 0x100) {
      hue8 = 255 - (h16_128 >> 1);
    } else {
      hue8 = h16_128 >> 1;
    }

    brightnesstheta16  += brightnessthetainc16;
    uint16_t b16 = sin16( brightnesstheta16  ) + 32768;

    uint16_t bri16 = (uint32_t)((uint32_t)b16 * (uint32_t)b16) / 65536;
    uint8_t bri8 = (uint32_t)(((uint32_t)bri16) * brightdepth) / 65536;
    bri8 += (255 - brightdepth);

    CRGB newcolor = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, hue8, bri8);
    fastled_col = col_to_crgb(getPixelColor(i));

    nblend(fastled_col, newcolor, 128);
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }
  SEGENV.step = sPseudotime;
  SEGENV.aux0 = sHue16;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


// colored stripes pulsing at a defined Beats-Per-Minute (BPM)
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_bpm()
{
  CRGB fastled_col;
  uint32_t stp = (now / 20) & 0xFF;
  uint8_t beat = beatsin8(SEGMENT.speed, 64, 255);
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    fastled_col = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, stp + (i * 2), beat - stp + (i * 10));
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_fillnoise8()
{
  if (SEGENV.call == 0) SEGENV.step = random16(12345);
  CRGB fastled_col;
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    uint8_t index = inoise8(i * SEGLEN, SEGENV.step + i * SEGLEN);
    fastled_col = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, index, 255, LINEARBLEND);
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }
  SEGENV.step += beatsin8(SEGMENT.speed, 1, 6); //10,1,4

  return FRAMETIME;
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_noise16_1()
{
  uint16_t scale = 320;                                      // the "zoom factor" for the noise
  CRGB fastled_col;
  SEGENV.step += (1 + SEGMENT.speed/16);

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {

    uint16_t shift_x = beatsin8(11);                           // the x position of the noise field swings @ 17 bpm
    uint16_t shift_y = SEGENV.step/42;             // the y position becomes slowly incremented


    uint16_t real_x = (i + shift_x) * scale;                  // the x position of the noise field swings @ 17 bpm
    uint16_t real_y = (i + shift_y) * scale;                  // the y position becomes slowly incremented
    uint32_t real_z = SEGENV.step;                          // the z position becomes quickly incremented

    uint8_t noise = inoise16(real_x, real_y, real_z) >> 8;   // get the noise data and scale it down

    uint8_t index = sin8(noise * 3);                         // map LED color based on noise data

    fastled_col = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, index, 255, LINEARBLEND);   // With that value, look up the 8 bit colour palette value and assign it to the current LED.
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_noise16_2()
{
  uint16_t scale = 1000;                                       // the "zoom factor" for the noise
  CRGB fastled_col;
  SEGENV.step += (1 + (SEGMENT.speed >> 1));

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {

    uint16_t shift_x = SEGENV.step >> 6;                         // x as a function of time

    uint32_t real_x = (i + shift_x) * scale;                  // calculate the coordinates within the noise field

    uint8_t noise = inoise16(real_x, 0, 4223) >> 8;    // get the noise data and scale it down

    uint8_t index = sin8(noise * 3);                          // map led color based on noise data

    fastled_col = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, index, noise, LINEARBLEND);   // With that value, look up the 8 bit colour palette value and assign it to the current LED.
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_noise16_3()
{
  uint16_t scale = 800;                                       // the "zoom factor" for the noise
  CRGB fastled_col;
  SEGENV.step += (1 + SEGMENT.speed);

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {

    uint16_t shift_x = 4223;                                  // no movement along x and y
    uint16_t shift_y = 1234;

    uint32_t real_x = (i + shift_x) * scale;                  // calculate the coordinates within the noise field
    uint32_t real_y = (i + shift_y) * scale;                  // based on the precalculated positions
    uint32_t real_z = SEGENV.step*8;  

    uint8_t noise = inoise16(real_x, real_y, real_z) >> 8;    // get the noise data and scale it down

    uint8_t index = sin8(noise * 3);                          // map led color based on noise data

    fastled_col = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, index, noise, LINEARBLEND);   // With that value, look up the 8 bit colour palette value and assign it to the current LED.
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


//https://github.com/aykevl/ledstrip-spark/blob/master/ledstrip.ino
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_noise16_4()
{
  CRGB fastled_col;
  uint32_t stp = (now * SEGMENT.speed) >> 7;
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    int16_t index = inoise16(uint32_t(i) << 12, stp);
    fastled_col = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, index);
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


//based on https://gist.github.com/kriegsman/5408ecd397744ba0393e
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_colortwinkle()
{
  uint16_t dataSize = (SEGLEN+7) >> 3; //1 bit per LED
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  
  CRGB fastled_col, prev;
  fract8 fadeUpAmount = _brightness>28 ? 8 + (SEGMENT.speed>>2) : 68-_brightness, fadeDownAmount = _brightness>28 ? 8 + (SEGMENT.speed>>3) : 68-_brightness;
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    fastled_col = col_to_crgb(getPixelColor(i));
    prev = fastled_col;
    uint16_t index = i >> 3;
    uint8_t  bitNum = i & 0x07;
    bool fadeUp = bitRead(SEGENV.data[index], bitNum);
    
    if (fadeUp) {
      CRGB incrementalColor = fastled_col;
      incrementalColor.nscale8_video(fadeUpAmount);
      fastled_col += incrementalColor;

      if (fastled_col.red == 255 || fastled_col.green == 255 || fastled_col.blue == 255) {
        bitWrite(SEGENV.data[index], bitNum, false);
      }
      setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);

      if (col_to_crgb(getPixelColor(i)) == prev) {  //fix "stuck" pixels
        fastled_col += fastled_col;
        setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
      }
    } else {
      fastled_col.nscale8(255 - fadeDownAmount);
      setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
    }
  }

  for (uint16_t j = 0; j <= SEGLEN / 50; j++) {
    if (random8() <= SEGMENT.intensity) {
      for (uint8_t times = 0; times < 5; times++) { //attempt to spawn a new pixel 5 times
        int i = random16(SEGLEN);
        if (getPixelColor(i) == 0) {
          fastled_col = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, random8(), 64, NOBLEND);
          uint16_t index = i >> 3;
          uint8_t  bitNum = i & 0x07;
          bitWrite(SEGENV.data[index], bitNum, true);
          setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
          break; //only spawn 1 new pixel per frame per 50 LEDs
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME_FIXED;
}


//Calm effect, like a lake at night
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_lake() {
  uint8_t sp = SEGMENT.speed/10;
  int wave1 = beatsin8(sp +2, -64,64);
  int wave2 = beatsin8(sp +1, -64,64);
  uint8_t wave3 = beatsin8(sp +2,   0,80);
  CRGB fastled_col;

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++)
  {
    int index = cos8((i*15)+ wave1)/2 + cubicwave8((i*23)+ wave2)/2;           
    uint8_t lum = (index > wave3) ? index - wave3 : 0;
    fastled_col = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, map(index,0,255,0,240), lum, LINEARBLEND);
    setPixelColor(i, fastled_col.red, fastled_col.green, fastled_col.blue);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


// meteor effect
// send a meteor from begining to to the end of the strip with a trail that randomly decays.
// adapted from https://www.tweaking4all.com/hardware/arduino/adruino-led-strip-effects/#LEDStripEffectMeteorRain
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_meteor() {
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(SEGLEN)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed

  byte* trail = SEGENV.data;
  
  byte meteorSize= 1+ SEGLEN / 10;
  uint16_t counter = now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) +8);
  uint16_t in = counter * SEGLEN >> 16;

  // fade all leds to colors[1] in LEDs one step
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    if (random8() <= 255 - SEGMENT.intensity)
    {
      byte meteorTrailDecay = 128 + random8(127);
      trail[i] = scale8(trail[i], meteorTrailDecay);
      setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(trail[i], false, true, 255));
    }
  }

  // draw meteor
  for(int j = 0; j < meteorSize; j++) {
    uint16_t index = in + j;
    if(index >= SEGLEN) {
      index = (in + j - SEGLEN);
    }

    trail[index] = 240;
    setPixelColor(index, color_from_palette(trail[index], false, true, 255));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


// smooth meteor effect
// send a meteor from begining to to the end of the strip with a trail that randomly decays.
// adapted from https://www.tweaking4all.com/hardware/arduino/adruino-led-strip-effects/#LEDStripEffectMeteorRain
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_meteor_smooth() {
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(SEGLEN)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed

  byte* trail = SEGENV.data;
  
  byte meteorSize= 1+ SEGLEN / 10;
  uint16_t in = map((SEGENV.step >> 6 & 0xFF), 0, 255, 0, SEGLEN -1);

  // fade all leds to colors[1] in LEDs one step
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    if (trail[i] != 0 && random8() <= 255 - SEGMENT.intensity)
    {
      int change = 3 - random8(12); //change each time between -8 and +3
      trail[i] += change;
      if (trail[i] > 245) trail[i] = 0;
      if (trail[i] > 240) trail[i] = 240;
      setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(trail[i], false, true, 255));
    }
  }
  
  // draw meteor
  for(int j = 0; j < meteorSize; j++) {  
    uint16_t index = in + j;   
    if(in + j >= SEGLEN) {
      index = (in + j - SEGLEN);
    }
    setPixelColor(index, color_blend(getPixelColor(index), color_from_palette(240, false, true, 255), 48));
    trail[index] = 240;
  }

  SEGENV.step += SEGMENT.speed +1;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


//Railway Crossing / Christmas Fairy lights
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_railway()
{
  uint16_t dur = 40 + (255 - SEGMENT.speed) * 10;
  uint16_t rampdur = (dur * SEGMENT.intensity) >> 8;
  if (SEGENV.step > dur)
  {
    //reverse direction
    SEGENV.step = 0;
    SEGENV.aux0 = !SEGENV.aux0;
  }
  uint8_t pos = 255;
  if (rampdur != 0)
  {
    uint16_t p0 = (SEGENV.step * 255) / rampdur;
    if (p0 < 255) pos = p0;
  }
  if (SEGENV.aux0) pos = 255 - pos;
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i += 2)
  {
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(255 - pos, false, false, 255));
    if (i < SEGLEN -1)
    {
      setPixelColor(i + 1, color_from_palette(pos, false, false, 255));
    }
  }
  SEGENV.step += FRAMETIME;
  return FRAMETIME;
}


//Water ripple
//propagation velocity from speed
//drop rate from intensity

//4 bytes
typedef struct Ripple {
  uint8_t state;
  uint8_t color;
  uint16_t pos;
} ripple;

#ifdef ESP8266
  #define MAX_RIPPLES   56
#else
  #define MAX_RIPPLES  100
#endif
uint16_t WS2812FX::ripple_base(bool rainbow)
{
  uint16_t maxRipples = min(1 + (SEGLEN >> 2), MAX_RIPPLES);  // 56 max for 16 segment ESP8266
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(ripple) * maxRipples;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
 
  Ripple* ripples = reinterpret_cast<Ripple*>(SEGENV.data);

  // ranbow background or chosen background, all very dim.
  if (rainbow) {
    if (SEGENV.call ==0) {
      SEGENV.aux0 = random8();
      SEGENV.aux1 = random8();
    }
    if (SEGENV.aux0 == SEGENV.aux1) {
      SEGENV.aux1 = random8();
    }
    else if (SEGENV.aux1 > SEGENV.aux0) {
      SEGENV.aux0++;
    } else {
      SEGENV.aux0--;
    }
    fill(color_blend(color_wheel(SEGENV.aux0),BLACK,235));
  } else {
    fill(SEGCOLOR(1));
  }
  
  //draw wave
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < maxRipples; i++)
  {
    uint16_t ripplestate = ripples[i].state;
    if (ripplestate)
    {
      uint8_t rippledecay = (SEGMENT.speed >> 4) +1; //faster decay if faster propagation
      uint16_t rippleorigin = ripples[i].pos;
      uint32_t col = color_from_palette(ripples[i].color, false, false, 255);
      uint16_t propagation = ((ripplestate/rippledecay -1) * SEGMENT.speed);
      int16_t propI = propagation >> 8;
      uint8_t propF = propagation & 0xFF;
      int16_t left = rippleorigin - propI -1;
      uint8_t amp = (ripplestate < 17) ? triwave8((ripplestate-1)*8) : map(ripplestate,17,255,255,2);

      for (int16_t v = left; v < left +4; v++)
      {
        uint8_t mag = scale8(cubicwave8((propF>>2)+(v-left)*64), amp);
        if (v < SEGLEN && v >= 0)
        {
          setPixelColor(v, color_blend(getPixelColor(v), col, mag));
        }
        int16_t w = left + propI*2 + 3 -(v-left);
        if (w < SEGLEN && w >= 0)
        {
          setPixelColor(w, color_blend(getPixelColor(w), col, mag));
        }
      }  
      ripplestate += rippledecay;
      ripples[i].state = (ripplestate > 254) ? 0 : ripplestate;
    } else //randomly create new wave
    {
      if (random16(IBN + 10000) <= SEGMENT.intensity)
      {
        ripples[i].state = 1;
        ripples[i].pos = random16(SEGLEN);
        ripples[i].color = random8(); //color
      }
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}
#undef MAX_RIPPLES

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_ripple(void) {
  return ripple_base(false);
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_ripple_rainbow(void) {
  return ripple_base(true);
}



//  TwinkleFOX by Mark Kriegsman: https://gist.github.com/kriegsman/756ea6dcae8e30845b5a
//
//  TwinkleFOX: Twinkling 'holiday' lights that fade in and out.
//  Colors are chosen from a palette. Read more about this effect using the link above!

// If COOL_LIKE_INCANDESCENT is set to 1, colors will
// fade out slighted 'reddened', similar to how
// incandescent bulbs change color as they get dim down.
#define COOL_LIKE_INCANDESCENT 1

CRGB WS2812FX::twinklefox_one_twinkle(uint32_t ms, uint8_t salt, bool cat)
{
  // Overall twinkle speed (changed)
  uint16_t ticks = ms / SEGENV.aux0;
  uint8_t fastcycle8 = ticks;
  uint16_t slowcycle16 = (ticks >> 8) + salt;
  slowcycle16 += sin8(slowcycle16);
  slowcycle16 = (slowcycle16 * 2053) + 1384;
  uint8_t slowcycle8 = (slowcycle16 & 0xFF) + (slowcycle16 >> 8);
  
  // Overall twinkle density.
  // 0 (NONE lit) to 8 (ALL lit at once).
  // Default is 5.
  uint8_t twinkleDensity = (SEGMENT.intensity >> 5) +1;

  uint8_t bright = 0;
  if (((slowcycle8 & 0x0E)/2) < twinkleDensity) {
    uint8_t ph = fastcycle8;
    // This is like 'triwave8', which produces a
    // symmetrical up-and-down triangle sawtooth waveform, except that this
    // function produces a triangle wave with a faster attack and a slower decay
    if (cat) //twinklecat, variant where the leds instantly turn on
    {
      bright = 255 - ph;
    } else { //vanilla twinklefox
      if (ph < 86) {
      bright = ph * 3;
      } else {
        ph -= 86;
        bright = 255 - (ph + (ph/2));
      }
    }
  }

  uint8_t hue = slowcycle8 - salt;
  CRGB c;
  if (bright > 0) {
    c = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, hue, bright, NOBLEND);
    if(COOL_LIKE_INCANDESCENT == 1) {
      // This code takes a pixel, and if its in the 'fading down'
      // part of the cycle, it adjusts the color a little bit like the
      // way that incandescent bulbs fade toward 'red' as they dim.
      if (fastcycle8 >= 128) 
      {
        uint8_t cooling = (fastcycle8 - 128) >> 4;
        c.g = qsub8(c.g, cooling);
        c.b = qsub8(c.b, cooling * 2);
      }
    }
  } else {
    c = CRGB::Black;
  }
  return c;
}

//  This function loops over each pixel, calculates the
//  adjusted 'clock' that this pixel should use, and calls
//  "CalculateOneTwinkle" on each pixel.  It then displays
//  either the twinkle color of the background color,
//  whichever is brighter.
uint16_t WS2812FX::twinklefox_base(bool cat)
{
  // "PRNG16" is the pseudorandom number generator
  // It MUST be reset to the same starting value each time
  // this function is called, so that the sequence of 'random'
  // numbers that it generates is (paradoxically) stable.
  uint16_t PRNG16 = 11337;

  // Calculate speed
  if (SEGMENT.speed > 100) SEGENV.aux0 = 3 + ((255 - SEGMENT.speed) >> 3);
  else SEGENV.aux0 = 22 + ((100 - SEGMENT.speed) >> 1);

  // Set up the background color, "bg".
  CRGB bg;
  bg = col_to_crgb(SEGCOLOR(1));
  uint8_t bglight = bg.getAverageLight();
  if (bglight > 64) {
    bg.nscale8_video(16); // very bright, so scale to 1/16th
  } else if (bglight > 16) {
    bg.nscale8_video(64); // not that bright, so scale to 1/4th
  } else {
    bg.nscale8_video(86); // dim, scale to 1/3rd.
  }

  uint8_t backgroundBrightness = bg.getAverageLight();

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
  
    PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 1384; // next 'random' number
    uint16_t myclockoffset16= PRNG16; // use that number as clock offset
    PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 1384; // next 'random' number
    // use that number as clock speed adjustment factor (in 8ths, from 8/8ths to 23/8ths)
    uint8_t myspeedmultiplierQ5_3 =  ((((PRNG16 & 0xFF)>>4) + (PRNG16 & 0x0F)) & 0x0F) + 0x08;
    uint32_t myclock30 = (uint32_t)((now * myspeedmultiplierQ5_3) >> 3) + myclockoffset16;
    uint8_t  myunique8 = PRNG16 >> 8; // get 'salt' value for this pixel

    // We now have the adjusted 'clock' for this pixel, now we call
    // the function that computes what color the pixel should be based
    // on the "brightness = f( time )" idea.
    CRGB c = twinklefox_one_twinkle(myclock30, myunique8, cat);

    uint8_t cbright = c.getAverageLight();
    int16_t deltabright = cbright - backgroundBrightness;
    if (deltabright >= 32 || (!bg)) {
      // If the new pixel is significantly brighter than the background color,
      // use the new color.
      setPixelColor(i, c.red, c.green, c.blue);
    } else if (deltabright > 0) {
      // If the new pixel is just slightly brighter than the background color,
      // mix a blend of the new color and the background color
      setPixelColor(i, color_blend(crgb_to_col(bg), crgb_to_col(c), deltabright * 8));
    } else {
      // if the new pixel is not at all brighter than the background color,
      // just use the background color.
      setPixelColor(i, bg.r, bg.g, bg.b);
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_twinklefox()
{
  return twinklefox_base(false);
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_twinklecat()
{
  return twinklefox_base(true);
}


//inspired by https://www.tweaking4all.com/hardware/arduino/adruino-led-strip-effects/#LEDStripEffectBlinkingHalloweenEyes
#define HALLOWEEN_EYE_SPACE (2*MAX(1,SEGLEN>>5))
#define HALLOWEEN_EYE_WIDTH MAX(1,SEGLEN>>5)

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_halloween_eyes()
{  
  uint16_t eyeLength = (2*HALLOWEEN_EYE_WIDTH) + HALLOWEEN_EYE_SPACE;
  if (eyeLength > SEGLEN) return mode_static(); //bail if segment too short

  fill(SEGCOLOR(1)); //fill background

  uint8_t state = SEGENV.aux1 >> 8;
  uint16_t stateTime = SEGENV.call;
  if (stateTime == 0) stateTime = 2000;

  if (state == 0) { //spawn eyes
    SEGENV.aux0 = random16(0, SEGLEN - eyeLength); //start pos
    SEGENV.aux1 = random8(); //color
    if (isMatrix) SEGMENT.offset = random16(SEGMENT.virtualHeight()-1); // a hack: reuse offset since it is not used in matrices
    state = 1;
  }
  
  if (state < 2) { //fade eyes
    uint16_t startPos    = SEGENV.aux0;
    uint16_t start2ndEye = startPos + HALLOWEEN_EYE_WIDTH + HALLOWEEN_EYE_SPACE;
    
    uint32_t fadestage = (now - SEGENV.step)*255 / stateTime;
    if (fadestage > 255) fadestage = 255;
    uint32_t c = color_blend(color_from_palette(SEGENV.aux1 & 0xFF, false, false, 0), SEGCOLOR(1), fadestage);
    
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < HALLOWEEN_EYE_WIDTH; i++) {
      if (isMatrix) {
        setPixelColorXY(startPos    + i, SEGMENT.offset, c);
        setPixelColorXY(start2ndEye + i, SEGMENT.offset, c);
      } else {
        setPixelColor(startPos    + i, c);
        setPixelColor(start2ndEye + i, c);
      }
    }
  }

  if (now - SEGENV.step > stateTime) {
    state++;
    if (state > 2) state = 0;
    
    if (state < 2) {
      stateTime = 100 + (255 - SEGMENT.intensity)*10; //eye fade time
    } else {
      uint16_t eyeOffTimeBase = (255 - SEGMENT.speed)*10;
      stateTime = eyeOffTimeBase + random16(eyeOffTimeBase);
    }
    SEGENV.step = now;
    SEGENV.call = stateTime;
  }

  SEGENV.aux1 = (SEGENV.aux1 & 0xFF) + (state << 8); //save state
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}


//Speed slider sets amount of LEDs lit, intensity sets unlit
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_static_pattern()
{
  uint16_t lit = 1 + SEGMENT.speed;
  uint16_t unlit = 1 + SEGMENT.intensity;
  bool drawingLit = true;
  uint16_t cnt = 0;

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, (drawingLit) ? color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0) : SEGCOLOR(1));
    cnt++;
    if (cnt >= ((drawingLit) ? lit : unlit)) {
      cnt = 0;
      drawingLit = !drawingLit;
    }
  }
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_tri_static_pattern()
{
  uint8_t segSize = (SEGMENT.intensity >> 5) +1;
  uint8_t currSeg = 0;
  uint16_t currSegCount = 0;

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    if ( currSeg % 3 == 0 ) {
      setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(0));
    } else if( currSeg % 3 == 1) {
      setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(1));
    } else {
      setPixelColor(i, (SEGCOLOR(2) > 0 ? SEGCOLOR(2) : WHITE));
    }
    currSegCount += 1;
    if (currSegCount >= segSize) {
      currSeg +=1;
      currSegCount = 0;
    }
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


uint16_t WS2812FX::spots_base(uint16_t threshold)
{
  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));
  
  uint16_t maxZones = SEGLEN >> 2;
  uint16_t zones = 1 + ((SEGMENT.intensity * maxZones) >> 8);
  uint16_t zoneLen = SEGLEN / zones;
  uint16_t offset = (SEGLEN - zones * zoneLen) >> 1;

  for (uint16_t z = 0; z < zones; z++)
  {
    uint16_t pos = offset + z * zoneLen;
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < zoneLen; i++)
    {
      uint16_t wave = triwave16((i * 0xFFFF) / zoneLen);
      if (wave > threshold) {
        uint16_t index = 0 + pos + i;
        uint8_t s = (wave - threshold)*255 / (0xFFFF - threshold);
        setPixelColor(index, color_blend(color_from_palette(index, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), SEGCOLOR(1), 255-s));
      }
    }
  }
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}


//Intensity slider sets number of "lights", speed sets LEDs per light
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_spots()
{
  return spots_base((255 - SEGMENT.speed) << 8);
}


//Intensity slider sets number of "lights", LEDs per light fade in and out
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_spots_fade()
{
  uint16_t counter = now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) +8);
  uint16_t t = triwave16(counter);
  uint16_t tr = (t >> 1) + (t >> 2);
  return spots_base(tr);
}


//each needs 12 bytes
typedef struct Ball {
  unsigned long lastBounceTime;
  float impactVelocity;
  float height;
} ball;

/*
*  Bouncing Balls Effect
*/
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_bouncing_balls(void) {
  //allocate segment data
  uint16_t maxNumBalls = 16; 
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(ball) * maxNumBalls;
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  
  Ball* balls = reinterpret_cast<Ball*>(SEGENV.data);
  
  // number of balls based on intensity setting to max of 7 (cycles colors)
  // non-chosen color is a random color
  uint8_t numBalls = int(((SEGMENT.intensity * (maxNumBalls - 0.8f)) / 255) + 1);
  
  float gravity                           = -9.81; // standard value of gravity
  float impactVelocityStart               = sqrt( -2 * gravity);

  unsigned long time = millis();

  if (SEGENV.call == 0) {
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < maxNumBalls; i++) balls[i].lastBounceTime = time;
  }
  
  bool hasCol2 = SEGCOLOR(2);
  fill(hasCol2 ? BLACK : SEGCOLOR(1));
  
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numBalls; i++) {
    float timeSinceLastBounce = (time - balls[i].lastBounceTime)/((255-SEGMENT.speed)*8/256 +1);
    balls[i].height = 0.5 * gravity * pow(timeSinceLastBounce/1000 , 2.0) + balls[i].impactVelocity * timeSinceLastBounce/1000;

    if (balls[i].height < 0) { //start bounce
      balls[i].height = 0;
      //damping for better effect using multiple balls
      float dampening = 0.90 - float(i)/pow(numBalls,2);
      balls[i].impactVelocity = dampening * balls[i].impactVelocity;
      balls[i].lastBounceTime = time;

      if (balls[i].impactVelocity < 0.015) {
        balls[i].impactVelocity = impactVelocityStart;
      }
    }
    
    uint32_t color = SEGCOLOR(0);
    if (SEGMENT.palette) {
      color = color_wheel(i*(256/MAX(numBalls, 8)));
    } else if (hasCol2) {
      color = SEGCOLOR(i % NUM_COLORS);
    }

    uint16_t pos = round(balls[i].height * (SEGLEN - 1));
    setPixelColor(pos, color);
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
* Sinelon stolen from FASTLED examples
*/
uint16_t WS2812FX::sinelon_base(bool dual, bool rainbow=false) {
  fade_out(SEGMENT.intensity);
  uint16_t pos = beatsin16(SEGMENT.speed/10,0,SEGLEN-1);
  if (SEGENV.call == 0) SEGENV.aux0 = pos;
  uint32_t color1 = color_from_palette(pos, true, false, 0);
  uint32_t color2 = SEGCOLOR(2);
  if (rainbow) {
    color1 = color_wheel((pos & 0x07) * 32);
  }
  setPixelColor(pos, color1);
  if (dual) {
    if (!color2) color2 = color_from_palette(pos, true, false, 0);
    if (rainbow) color2 = color1; //rainbow
    setPixelColor(SEGLEN-1-pos, color2);
  }
  if (SEGENV.aux0 != pos) { 
    if (SEGENV.aux0 < pos) {
      for (uint16_t i = SEGENV.aux0; i < pos ; i++) {
        setPixelColor(i, color1);
        if (dual) setPixelColor(SEGLEN-1-i, color2);
      }
    } else {
      for (uint16_t i = SEGENV.aux0; i > pos ; i--) {
        setPixelColor(i, color1);
        if (dual) setPixelColor(SEGLEN-1-i, color2);
      }
    }
    SEGENV.aux0 = pos;
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_sinelon(void) {
  return sinelon_base(false);
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_sinelon_dual(void) {
  return sinelon_base(true);
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_sinelon_rainbow(void) {
  return sinelon_base(false, true);
}


//Rainbow with glitter, inspired by https://gist.github.com/kriegsman/062e10f7f07ba8518af6
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_glitter()
{
  mode_palette();

  if (SEGMENT.intensity > random8())
  {
    setPixelColor(random16(SEGLEN), ULTRAWHITE);
  }
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}



//each needs 11 bytes
//Spark type is used for popcorn, 1D fireworks, and drip
typedef struct Spark {
  float pos;
  float vel;
  uint16_t col;
  uint8_t colIndex;
} spark;

/*
*  POPCORN
*  modified from https://github.com/kitesurfer1404/WS2812FX/blob/master/src/custom/Popcorn.h
*/
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_popcorn(void) {
  //allocate segment data
  uint16_t maxNumPopcorn = 21; // max 21 on 16 segment ESP8266
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(spark) * maxNumPopcorn;
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  
  Spark* popcorn = reinterpret_cast<Spark*>(SEGENV.data);

  float gravity = -0.0001 - (SEGMENT.speed/200000.0); // m/s/s
  gravity *= SEGLEN;

  bool hasCol2 = SEGCOLOR(2);
  fill(hasCol2 ? BLACK : SEGCOLOR(1));

  uint8_t numPopcorn = SEGMENT.intensity*maxNumPopcorn/255;
  if (numPopcorn == 0) numPopcorn = 1;

  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < numPopcorn; i++) {
    if (popcorn[i].pos >= 0.0f) { // if kernel is active, update its position
      popcorn[i].pos += popcorn[i].vel;
      popcorn[i].vel += gravity;
    } else { // if kernel is inactive, randomly pop it
      if (random8() < 2) { // POP!!!
        popcorn[i].pos = 0.01f;
        
        uint16_t peakHeight = 128 + random8(128); //0-255
        peakHeight = (peakHeight * (SEGLEN -1)) >> 8;
        popcorn[i].vel = sqrt(-2.0 * gravity * peakHeight);
        
        if (SEGMENT.palette)
        {
          popcorn[i].colIndex = random8();
        } else {
          byte col = random8(0, NUM_COLORS);
          if (!hasCol2 || !SEGCOLOR(col)) col = 0;
          popcorn[i].colIndex = col;
        }
      }
    }
    if (popcorn[i].pos >= 0.0f) { // draw now active popcorn (either active before or just popped)
      uint32_t col = color_wheel(popcorn[i].colIndex);
      if (!SEGMENT.palette && popcorn[i].colIndex < NUM_COLORS) col = SEGCOLOR(popcorn[i].colIndex);
      
      uint16_t ledIndex = popcorn[i].pos;
      if (ledIndex < SEGLEN) setPixelColor(ledIndex, col);
    }
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


//values close to 100 produce 5Hz flicker, which looks very candle-y
//Inspired by https://github.com/avanhanegem/ArduinoCandleEffectNeoPixel
//and https://cpldcpu.wordpress.com/2016/01/05/reverse-engineering-a-real-candle/

uint16_t WS2812FX::candle(bool multi)
{
  if (multi)
  {
    //allocate segment data
    uint16_t dataSize = (SEGLEN -1) *3; //max. 1365 pixels (ESP8266)
    if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return candle(false); //allocation failed
  }

  //max. flicker range controlled by intensity
  uint8_t valrange = SEGMENT.intensity;
  uint8_t rndval = valrange >> 1; //max 127

  //step (how much to move closer to target per frame) coarsely set by speed
  uint8_t speedFactor = 4;
  if (SEGMENT.speed > 252) { //epilepsy
    speedFactor = 1;
  } else if (SEGMENT.speed > 99) { //regular candle (mode called every ~25 ms, so 4 frames to have a new target every 100ms)
    speedFactor = 2;
  } else if (SEGMENT.speed > 49) { //slower fade
    speedFactor = 3;
  } //else 4 (slowest)

  uint16_t numCandles = (multi) ? SEGLEN : 1;

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numCandles; i++)
  {
    uint16_t d = 0; //data location

    uint8_t s = SEGENV.aux0, s_target = SEGENV.aux1, fadeStep = SEGENV.step;
    if (i > 0) {
      d = (i-1) *3;
      s = SEGENV.data[d]; s_target = SEGENV.data[d+1]; fadeStep = SEGENV.data[d+2];
    }
    if (fadeStep == 0) { //init vals
      s = 128; s_target = 130 + random8(4); fadeStep = 1;
    }

    bool newTarget = false;
    if (s_target > s) { //fade up
      s = qadd8(s, fadeStep);
      if (s >= s_target) newTarget = true;
    } else {
      s = qsub8(s, fadeStep);
      if (s <= s_target) newTarget = true;
    }

    if (newTarget) {
      s_target = random8(rndval) + random8(rndval); //between 0 and rndval*2 -2 = 252
      if (s_target < (rndval >> 1)) s_target = (rndval >> 1) + random8(rndval);
      uint8_t offset = (255 - valrange);
      s_target += offset;

      uint8_t dif = (s_target > s) ? s_target - s : s - s_target;
    
      fadeStep = dif >> speedFactor;
      if (fadeStep == 0) fadeStep = 1;
    }

     if (i > 0) {
      setPixelColor(i, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), s));

      SEGENV.data[d] = s; SEGENV.data[d+1] = s_target; SEGENV.data[d+2] = fadeStep;
    } else {
      for (uint16_t j = 0; j < SEGLEN; j++) {
        setPixelColor(j, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(j, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), s));
      }

      SEGENV.aux0 = s; SEGENV.aux1 = s_target; SEGENV.step = fadeStep;
    }
  }

  return FRAMETIME_FIXED;
}

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_candle()
{
  return candle(false);
}


uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_candle_multi()
{
  return candle(true);
}


/*
/ Fireworks in starburst effect
/ based on the video: https://www.reddit.com/r/arduino/comments/c3sd46/i_made_this_fireworks_effect_for_my_led_strips/
/ Speed sets frequency of new starbursts, intensity is the intensity of the burst
*/
#ifdef ESP8266
  #define STARBURST_MAX_FRAG   8 //52 bytes / star
#else
  #define STARBURST_MAX_FRAG  10 //60 bytes / star
#endif
//each needs 20+STARBURST_MAX_FRAG*4 bytes
typedef struct particle {
  CRGB     color;
  uint32_t birth  =0;
  uint32_t last   =0;
  float    vel    =0;
  uint16_t pos    =-1;
  float    fragment[STARBURST_MAX_FRAG];
} star;

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_starburst(void) {
  uint16_t maxData = FAIR_DATA_PER_SEG; //ESP8266: 256 ESP32: 640
  uint8_t segs = getActiveSegmentsNum();
  if (segs <= (MAX_NUM_SEGMENTS /2)) maxData *= 2; //ESP8266: 512 if <= 8 segs ESP32: 1280 if <= 16 segs
  if (segs <= (MAX_NUM_SEGMENTS /4)) maxData *= 2; //ESP8266: 1024 if <= 4 segs ESP32: 2560 if <= 8 segs
  uint16_t maxStars = maxData / sizeof(star); //ESP8266: max. 4/9/19 stars/seg, ESP32: max. 10/21/42 stars/seg

  uint8_t numStars = 1 + (SEGLEN >> 3);
  if (numStars > maxStars) numStars = maxStars;
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(star) * numStars;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  
  uint32_t it = millis();
  
  star* stars = reinterpret_cast<star*>(SEGENV.data);
  
  float          maxSpeed                = 375.0f;  // Max velocity
  float          particleIgnition        = 250.0f;  // How long to "flash"
  float          particleFadeTime        = 1500.0f; // Fade out time
     
  for (int j = 0; j < numStars; j++)
  {
    // speed to adjust chance of a burst, max is nearly always.
    if (random8((144-(SEGMENT.speed >> 1))) == 0 && stars[j].birth == 0)
    {
      // Pick a random color and location.  
      uint16_t startPos = random16(SEGLEN-1);
      float multiplier = (float)(random8())/255.0 * 1.0;

      stars[j].color = col_to_crgb(color_wheel(random8()));
      stars[j].pos = startPos; 
      stars[j].vel = maxSpeed * (float)(random8())/255.0 * multiplier;
      stars[j].birth = it;
      stars[j].last = it;
      // more fragments means larger burst effect
      int num = random8(3,6 + (SEGMENT.intensity >> 5));

      for (int i=0; i < STARBURST_MAX_FRAG; i++) {
        if (i < num) stars[j].fragment[i] = startPos;
        else stars[j].fragment[i] = -1;
      }
    }
  }
  
  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));
  
  for (int j=0; j<numStars; j++)
  {
    if (stars[j].birth != 0) {
      float dt = (it-stars[j].last)/1000.0;

      for (int i=0; i < STARBURST_MAX_FRAG; i++) {
        int var = i >> 1;
        
        if (stars[j].fragment[i] > 0) {
          //all fragments travel right, will be mirrored on other side
          stars[j].fragment[i] += stars[j].vel * dt * (float)var/3.0;
        }
      }
      stars[j].last = it;
      stars[j].vel -= 3*stars[j].vel*dt;
    }
  
    CRGB c = stars[j].color;

    // If the star is brand new, it flashes white briefly.  
    // Otherwise it just fades over time.
    float fade = 0.0f;
    float age = it-stars[j].birth;

    if (age < particleIgnition) {
      c = col_to_crgb(color_blend(WHITE, crgb_to_col(c), 254.5f*((age / particleIgnition))));
    } else {
      // Figure out how much to fade and shrink the star based on 
      // its age relative to its lifetime
      if (age > particleIgnition + particleFadeTime) {
        fade = 1.0f;                  // Black hole, all faded out
        stars[j].birth = 0;
        c = col_to_crgb(SEGCOLOR(1));
      } else {
        age -= particleIgnition;
        fade = (age / particleFadeTime);  // Fading star
        byte f = 254.5f*fade;
        c = col_to_crgb(color_blend(crgb_to_col(c), SEGCOLOR(1), f));
      }
    }
    
    float particleSize = (1.0 - fade) * 2;

    for (uint8_t index=0; index < STARBURST_MAX_FRAG*2; index++) {
      bool mirrored = index & 0x1;
      uint8_t i = index >> 1;
      if (stars[j].fragment[i] > 0) {
        float loc = stars[j].fragment[i];
        if (mirrored) loc -= (loc-stars[j].pos)*2;
        int start = loc - particleSize;
        int end = loc + particleSize;
        if (start < 0) start = 0;
        if (start == end) end++;
        if (end > SEGLEN) end = SEGLEN;    
        for (int p = start; p < end; p++) {
          setPixelColor(p, c.r, c.g, c.b);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}
#undef STARBURST_MAX_FRAG

/*
 * Exploding fireworks effect
 * adapted from: http://www.anirama.com/1000leds/1d-fireworks/
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_exploding_fireworks(void)
{
  //allocate segment data
  uint16_t maxData = FAIR_DATA_PER_SEG; //ESP8266: 256 ESP32: 640
  uint8_t segs = getActiveSegmentsNum();
  if (segs <= (MAX_NUM_SEGMENTS /2)) maxData *= 2; //ESP8266: 512 if <= 8 segs ESP32: 1280 if <= 16 segs
  if (segs <= (MAX_NUM_SEGMENTS /4)) maxData *= 2; //ESP8266: 1024 if <= 4 segs ESP32: 2560 if <= 8 segs
  int maxSparks = maxData / sizeof(spark); //ESP8266: max. 21/42/85 sparks/seg, ESP32: max. 53/106/213 sparks/seg

  uint16_t numSparks = min(2 + (SEGLEN >> 1), maxSparks);
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(spark) * numSparks;
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed

  if (dataSize != SEGENV.aux1) { //reset to flare if sparks were reallocated
    SEGENV.aux0 = 0;
    SEGENV.aux1 = dataSize;
  }

  fill(BLACK);
  
  bool actuallyReverse = SEGMENT.getOption(SEG_OPTION_REVERSED);
  //have fireworks start in either direction based on intensity
  SEGMENT.setOption(SEG_OPTION_REVERSED, SEGENV.step);
  
  Spark* sparks = reinterpret_cast<Spark*>(SEGENV.data);
  Spark* flare = sparks; //first spark is flare data

  float gravity = -0.0004 - (SEGMENT.speed/800000.0); // m/s/s
  gravity *= SEGLEN;
  
  if (SEGENV.aux0 < 2) { //FLARE
    if (SEGENV.aux0 == 0) { //init flare
      flare->pos = 0;
      uint16_t peakHeight = 75 + random8(180); //0-255
      peakHeight = (peakHeight * (SEGLEN -1)) >> 8;
      flare->vel = sqrt(-2.0 * gravity * peakHeight);
      flare->col = 255; //brightness

      SEGENV.aux0 = 1; 
    }
    
    // launch 
    if (flare->vel > 12 * gravity) {
      // flare
      setPixelColor(int(flare->pos),flare->col,flare->col,flare->col);
  
      flare->pos += flare->vel;
      flare->pos = constrain(flare->pos, 0, SEGLEN-1);
      flare->vel += gravity;
      flare->col -= 2;
    } else {
      SEGENV.aux0 = 2;  // ready to explode
    }
  } else if (SEGENV.aux0 < 4) {
    /*
     * Explode!
     * 
     * Explosion happens where the flare ended.
     * Size is proportional to the height.
     */
    int nSparks = flare->pos;
    nSparks = constrain(nSparks, 0, numSparks);
    static float dying_gravity;
  
    // initialize sparks
    if (SEGENV.aux0 == 2) {
      for (int i = 1; i < nSparks; i++) { 
        sparks[i].pos = flare->pos; 
        sparks[i].vel = (float(random16(0, 20000)) / 10000.0) - 0.9; // from -0.9 to 1.1
        sparks[i].col = 345;//abs(sparks[i].vel * 750.0); // set colors before scaling velocity to keep them bright 
        //sparks[i].col = constrain(sparks[i].col, 0, 345); 
        sparks[i].colIndex = random8();
        sparks[i].vel *= flare->pos/SEGLEN; // proportional to height 
        sparks[i].vel *= -gravity *50;
      } 
      //sparks[1].col = 345; // this will be our known spark 
      dying_gravity = gravity/2; 
      SEGENV.aux0 = 3;
    }
  
    if (sparks[1].col > 4) {//&& sparks[1].pos > 0) { // as long as our known spark is lit, work with all the sparks
      for (int i = 1; i < nSparks; i++) { 
        sparks[i].pos += sparks[i].vel; 
        sparks[i].vel += dying_gravity; 
        if (sparks[i].col > 3) sparks[i].col -= 4; 

        if (sparks[i].pos > 0 && sparks[i].pos < SEGLEN) {
          uint16_t prog = sparks[i].col;
          uint32_t spColor = (SEGMENT.palette) ? color_wheel(sparks[i].colIndex) : SEGCOLOR(0);
          CRGB c = CRGB::Black; //HeatColor(sparks[i].col);
          if (prog > 300) { //fade from white to spark color
            c = col_to_crgb(color_blend(spColor, WHITE, (prog - 300)*5));
          } else if (prog > 45) { //fade from spark color to black
            c = col_to_crgb(color_blend(BLACK, spColor, prog - 45));
            uint8_t cooling = (300 - prog) >> 5;
            c.g = qsub8(c.g, cooling);
            c.b = qsub8(c.b, cooling * 2);
          }
          setPixelColor(int(sparks[i].pos), c.red, c.green, c.blue);
        }
      }
      dying_gravity *= .99; // as sparks burn out they fall slower
    } else {
      SEGENV.aux0 = 6 + random8(10); //wait for this many frames
    }
  } else {
    SEGENV.aux0--;
    if (SEGENV.aux0 < 4) {
      SEGENV.aux0 = 0; //back to flare
      SEGENV.step = actuallyReverse ^ (SEGMENT.intensity > random8()); //decide firing side
    }
  }

  SEGMENT.setOption(SEG_OPTION_REVERSED, actuallyReverse);
  
  return FRAMETIME;  
}
#undef MAX_SPARKS


/*
 * Drip Effect
 * ported of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sru2fXh4r7k
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_drip(void)
{
  //allocate segment data
  uint8_t numDrops = 4; 
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(spark) * numDrops;
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed

  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));
  
  Spark* drops = reinterpret_cast<Spark*>(SEGENV.data);

  numDrops = 1 + (SEGMENT.intensity >> 6); // 255>>6 = 3

  float gravity = -0.0005 - (SEGMENT.speed/50000.0);
  gravity *= SEGLEN;
  int sourcedrop = 12;

  for (uint8_t j=0;j<numDrops;j++) {
    if (drops[j].colIndex == 0) { //init
      drops[j].pos = SEGLEN-1;    // start at end
      drops[j].vel = 0;           // speed
      drops[j].col = sourcedrop;  // brightness
      drops[j].colIndex = 1;      // drop state (0 init, 1 forming, 2 falling, 5 bouncing) 
    }
    
    setPixelColor(SEGLEN-1,color_blend(BLACK,SEGCOLOR(0), sourcedrop));// water source
    if (drops[j].colIndex==1) {
      if (drops[j].col>255) drops[j].col=255;
      setPixelColor(uint16_t(drops[j].pos),color_blend(BLACK,SEGCOLOR(0),drops[j].col));
      
      drops[j].col += map(SEGMENT.speed, 0, 255, 1, 6); // swelling
      
      if (random8() < drops[j].col/10) {               // random drop
        drops[j].colIndex=2;               //fall
        drops[j].col=255;
      }
    }  
    if (drops[j].colIndex > 1) {           // falling
      if (drops[j].pos > 0) {              // fall until end of segment
        drops[j].pos += drops[j].vel;
        if (drops[j].pos < 0) drops[j].pos = 0;
        drops[j].vel += gravity;           // gravity is negative

        for (uint16_t i=1;i<7-drops[j].colIndex;i++) { // some minor math so we don't expand bouncing droplets
          uint16_t pos = constrain(uint16_t(drops[j].pos) +i, 0, SEGLEN-1); //this is BAD, returns a pos >= SEGLEN occasionally
          setPixelColor(pos,color_blend(BLACK,SEGCOLOR(0),drops[j].col/i)); //spread pixel with fade while falling
        }

        if (drops[j].colIndex > 2) {       // during bounce, some water is on the floor
          setPixelColor(0,color_blend(SEGCOLOR(0),BLACK,drops[j].col));
        }
      } else {                             // we hit bottom
        if (drops[j].colIndex > 2) {       // already hit once, so back to forming
          drops[j].colIndex = 0;
          drops[j].col = sourcedrop;
          
        } else {

          if (drops[j].colIndex==2) {      // init bounce
            drops[j].vel = -drops[j].vel/4;// reverse velocity with damping 
            drops[j].pos += drops[j].vel;
          } 
          drops[j].col = sourcedrop*2;
          drops[j].colIndex = 5;           // bouncing
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME;  
}


/*
 * Tetris or Stacking (falling bricks) Effect
 * by Blaz Kristan (https://github.com/blazoncek, https://blaz.at/home)
 */
//12 bytes
typedef struct Tetris {
  float    pos;
  float    speed;
  uint32_t col;
} tetris;

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_tetrix(void) {

  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(tetris);
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  Tetris* drop = reinterpret_cast<Tetris*>(SEGENV.data);

  // initialize dropping on first call or segment full
  if (SEGENV.call == 0 || SEGENV.aux1 >= SEGLEN) {
    SEGENV.aux1 = 0;                            // reset brick stack size
    SEGENV.step = 0;
    fill(SEGCOLOR(1));
    return 250;  // short wait
  }
  
  if (SEGENV.step == 0) {             //init
    drop->speed = 0.0238 * (SEGMENT.speed ? (SEGMENT.speed>>2)+1 : random8(6,64)); // set speed
    drop->pos   = SEGLEN;             // start at end of segment (no need to subtract 1)
    drop->col   = color_from_palette(random8(0,15)<<4,false,false,0);     // limit color choices so there is enough HUE gap
    SEGENV.step = 1;                  // drop state (0 init, 1 forming, 2 falling)
    SEGENV.aux0 = (SEGMENT.intensity ? (SEGMENT.intensity>>5)+1 : random8(1,5)) * (1+(SEGLEN>>6));  // size of brick
  }
  
  if (SEGENV.step == 1) {             // forming
    if (random8()>>6) {               // random drop
      SEGENV.step = 2;                // fall
    }
  }

  if (SEGENV.step > 1) {              // falling
    if (drop->pos > SEGENV.aux1) {    // fall until top of stack
      drop->pos -= drop->speed;       // may add gravity as: speed += gravity
      if (int(drop->pos) < SEGENV.aux1) drop->pos = SEGENV.aux1;
      for (uint16_t i=int(drop->pos); i<SEGLEN; i++) setPixelColor(i,i<int(drop->pos)+SEGENV.aux0 ? drop->col : SEGCOLOR(1));
    } else {                          // we hit bottom
      SEGENV.step = 0;                // go back to init
      SEGENV.aux1 += SEGENV.aux0;     // increase the stack size
      if (SEGENV.aux1 >= SEGLEN) return 1000;   // wait for a second
    }
  }
  return FRAMETIME;  
}


/*
/ Plasma Effect
/ adapted from https://github.com/atuline/FastLED-Demos/blob/master/plasma/plasma.ino
*/
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_plasma(void) {
  // initialize phases on start
  if (SEGENV.call == 0) {
    SEGENV.aux0 = random8(0,2);  // add a bit of randomness
  }
  uint8_t thisPhase = beatsin8(6+SEGENV.aux0,-64,64);
  uint8_t thatPhase = beatsin8(7+SEGENV.aux0,-64,64);

  for (int i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {   // For each of the LED's in the strand, set color &  brightness based on a wave as follows:
    uint8_t colorIndex = cubicwave8((i*(2+ 3*(SEGMENT.speed >> 5))+thisPhase) & 0xFF)/2   // factor=23 // Create a wave and add a phase change and add another wave with its own phase change.
                             + cos8((i*(1+ 2*(SEGMENT.speed >> 5))+thatPhase) & 0xFF)/2;  // factor=15 // Hey, you can even change the frequencies if you wish.
    uint8_t thisBright = qsub8(colorIndex, beatsin8(7,0, (128 - (SEGMENT.intensity>>1))));
    CRGB color = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, colorIndex, thisBright, LINEARBLEND);
    setPixelColor(i, color.red, color.green, color.blue);
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
} 


/*
 * Percentage display
 * Intesity values from 0-100 turn on the leds.
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_percent(void) {

	uint8_t percent = MAX(0, MIN(200, SEGMENT.intensity));
	uint16_t active_leds = (percent < 100) ? SEGLEN * percent / 100.0
                                         : SEGLEN * (200 - percent) / 100.0;
  
  uint8_t size = (1 + ((SEGMENT.speed * SEGLEN) >> 11));
  if (SEGMENT.speed == 255) size = 255;
    
  if (percent < 100) {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
	  	if (i < SEGENV.step) {
        setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
	  	}
	  	else {
        setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(1));
	  	}
	  }
  } else {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
	  	if (i < (SEGLEN - SEGENV.step)) {
        setPixelColor(i, SEGCOLOR(1));
	  	}
	  	else {
        setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0));
	  	}
	  }
  }

  if(active_leds > SEGENV.step) {  // smooth transition to the target value
    SEGENV.step += size;
    if (SEGENV.step > active_leds) SEGENV.step = active_leds;
  } else if (active_leds < SEGENV.step) {
    if (SEGENV.step > size) SEGENV.step -= size; else SEGENV.step = 0;
    if (SEGENV.step < active_leds) SEGENV.step = active_leds;
  }

 	return FRAMETIME;
}

/*
 * Modulates the brightness similar to a heartbeat
 * tries to draw an ECG aproximation
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_heartbeat(void) {
  uint8_t bpm = 40 + (SEGMENT.speed >> 4);
  uint32_t msPerBeat = (60000 / bpm);
  uint32_t secondBeat = (msPerBeat / 3);

  unsigned long beatTimer = now - SEGENV.step;

  uint32_t bri_lower = SEGENV.aux1;

  if (beatTimer > secondBeat-100 && beatTimer <= secondBeat) {
    bri_lower = (UINT16_MAX*3/4) * (secondBeat - beatTimer) / 100;
  } else if (beatTimer > msPerBeat-100 && beatTimer <= msPerBeat) {
    bri_lower = UINT16_MAX * (msPerBeat - beatTimer) / 100;
  } else
    bri_lower = bri_lower * 2042 / (2048 + SEGMENT.intensity);
  SEGENV.aux1 = bri_lower;

  if ((beatTimer > secondBeat) && !SEGENV.aux0) { // time for the second beat?
    SEGENV.aux1 = UINT16_MAX*3/4; //full bri
    SEGENV.aux0 = 1;
  }
  if (beatTimer > msPerBeat) { // time to reset the beat timer?
    SEGENV.aux1 = UINT16_MAX; //full bri
    SEGENV.aux0 = 0;
    SEGENV.step = now;
  }

  if (isMatrix) {
    uint16_t w = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
    uint16_t h = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
    uint16_t tb = now & 0x000007FF;
    uint16_t x = tb * w/2048; // ~2s per width
    uint16_t y = h * 9 / 16;
    y += ((((SEGENV.aux0 ? 7 : -9) * (int)h) / 8) * SEGENV.aux1) / UINT16_MAX;
    fade_out(0);
    setPixelColorXY(x, y, SEGCOLOR(0));
  } else
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
      setPixelColor(i, color_blend(color_from_palette(i, true, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), SEGCOLOR(1), 255 - (SEGENV.aux1 >> 8)));
    }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


//  "Pacifica"
//  Gentle, blue-green ocean waves.
//  December 2019, Mark Kriegsman and Mary Corey March.
//  For Dan.
//
//
// In this animation, there are four "layers" of waves of light.  
//
// Each layer moves independently, and each is scaled separately.
//
// All four wave layers are added together on top of each other, and then 
// another filter is applied that adds "whitecaps" of brightness where the 
// waves line up with each other more.  Finally, another pass is taken
// over the led array to 'deepen' (dim) the blues and greens.
//
// The speed and scale and motion each layer varies slowly within independent 
// hand-chosen ranges, which is why the code has a lot of low-speed 'beatsin8' functions
// with a lot of oddly specific numeric ranges.
//
// These three custom blue-green color palettes were inspired by the colors found in
// the waters off the southern coast of California, https://goo.gl/maps/QQgd97jjHesHZVxQ7
//
// Modified for WLED, based on https://github.com/FastLED/FastLED/blob/master/examples/Pacifica/Pacifica.ino
//
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_pacifica()
{
  uint32_t nowOld = now;

  CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_1 = 
    { 0x000507, 0x000409, 0x00030B, 0x00030D, 0x000210, 0x000212, 0x000114, 0x000117, 
      0x000019, 0x00001C, 0x000026, 0x000031, 0x00003B, 0x000046, 0x14554B, 0x28AA50 };
  CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_2 = 
    { 0x000507, 0x000409, 0x00030B, 0x00030D, 0x000210, 0x000212, 0x000114, 0x000117, 
      0x000019, 0x00001C, 0x000026, 0x000031, 0x00003B, 0x000046, 0x0C5F52, 0x19BE5F };
  CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_3 = 
    { 0x000208, 0x00030E, 0x000514, 0x00061A, 0x000820, 0x000927, 0x000B2D, 0x000C33, 
      0x000E39, 0x001040, 0x001450, 0x001860, 0x001C70, 0x002080, 0x1040BF, 0x2060FF };

  if (SEGMENT.palette) {
    pacifica_palette_1 = currentPalette;
    pacifica_palette_2 = currentPalette;
    pacifica_palette_3 = currentPalette;
  }

  // Increment the four "color index start" counters, one for each wave layer.
  // Each is incremented at a different speed, and the speeds vary over time.
  uint16_t sCIStart1 = SEGENV.aux0, sCIStart2 = SEGENV.aux1, sCIStart3 = SEGENV.step, sCIStart4 = SEGENV.step >> 16;
  //static uint16_t sCIStart1, sCIStart2, sCIStart3, sCIStart4;
  //uint32_t deltams = 26 + (SEGMENT.speed >> 3);
  uint32_t deltams = (FRAMETIME >> 2) + ((FRAMETIME * SEGMENT.speed) >> 7);
  uint64_t deltat = (now >> 2) + ((now * SEGMENT.speed) >> 7);
  now = deltat;

  uint16_t speedfactor1 = beatsin16(3, 179, 269);
  uint16_t speedfactor2 = beatsin16(4, 179, 269);
  uint32_t deltams1 = (deltams * speedfactor1) / 256;
  uint32_t deltams2 = (deltams * speedfactor2) / 256;
  uint32_t deltams21 = (deltams1 + deltams2) / 2;
  sCIStart1 += (deltams1 * beatsin88(1011,10,13));
  sCIStart2 -= (deltams21 * beatsin88(777,8,11));
  sCIStart3 -= (deltams1 * beatsin88(501,5,7));
  sCIStart4 -= (deltams2 * beatsin88(257,4,6));
  SEGENV.aux0 = sCIStart1; SEGENV.aux1 = sCIStart2;
  SEGENV.step = sCIStart4; SEGENV.step = (SEGENV.step << 16) + sCIStart3;

  // Clear out the LED array to a dim background blue-green
  //fill(132618);

  uint8_t basethreshold = beatsin8( 9, 55, 65);
  uint8_t wave = beat8( 7 );
  
  for( uint16_t i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    CRGB c = CRGB(2, 6, 10);
    // Render each of four layers, with different scales and speeds, that vary over time
    c += pacifica_one_layer(i, pacifica_palette_1, sCIStart1, beatsin16(3, 11 * 256, 14 * 256), beatsin8(10, 70, 130), 0-beat16(301));
    c += pacifica_one_layer(i, pacifica_palette_2, sCIStart2, beatsin16(4,  6 * 256,  9 * 256), beatsin8(17, 40,  80),   beat16(401));
    c += pacifica_one_layer(i, pacifica_palette_3, sCIStart3,                         6 * 256 , beatsin8(9, 10,38)   , 0-beat16(503));
    c += pacifica_one_layer(i, pacifica_palette_3, sCIStart4,                         5 * 256 , beatsin8(8, 10,28)   ,   beat16(601));
    
    // Add extra 'white' to areas where the four layers of light have lined up brightly
    uint8_t threshold = scale8( sin8( wave), 20) + basethreshold;
    wave += 7;
    uint8_t l = c.getAverageLight();
    if (l > threshold) {
      uint8_t overage = l - threshold;
      uint8_t overage2 = qadd8(overage, overage);
      c += CRGB(overage, overage2, qadd8(overage2, overage2));
    }

    //deepen the blues and greens
    c.blue  = scale8(c.blue,  145); 
    c.green = scale8(c.green, 200); 
    c |= CRGB( 2, 5, 7);

    setPixelColor(i, c.red, c.green, c.blue);
  }

  now = nowOld;
  return FRAMETIME;
}

// Add one layer of waves into the led array
CRGB WS2812FX::pacifica_one_layer(uint16_t i, CRGBPalette16& p, uint16_t cistart, uint16_t wavescale, uint8_t bri, uint16_t ioff)
{
  uint16_t ci = cistart;
  uint16_t waveangle = ioff;
  uint16_t wavescale_half = (wavescale >> 1) + 20;
  
  waveangle += ((120 + SEGMENT.intensity) * i); //original 250 * i
  uint16_t s16 = sin16(waveangle) + 32768;
  uint16_t cs = scale16(s16, wavescale_half) + wavescale_half;
  ci += (cs * i);
  uint16_t sindex16 = sin16(ci) + 32768;
  uint8_t sindex8 = scale16(sindex16, 240);
  return ColorFromPalette(p, sindex8, bri, LINEARBLEND);
}

//Solid colour background with glitter
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_solid_glitter()
{
  fill(SEGCOLOR(0));

  if (SEGMENT.intensity > random8())
  {
    setPixelColor(random16(SEGLEN), ULTRAWHITE);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Mode simulates a gradual sunrise
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_sunrise() {
  //speed 0 - static sun
  //speed 1 - 60: sunrise time in minutes
  //speed 60 - 120 : sunset time in minutes - 60;
  //speed above: "breathing" rise and set
  if (SEGENV.call == 0 || SEGMENT.speed != SEGENV.aux0) {
	  SEGENV.step = millis(); //save starting time, millis() because now can change from sync
    SEGENV.aux0 = SEGMENT.speed;
  }
  
  fill(0);
  uint16_t stage = 0xFFFF;
  
  uint32_t s10SinceStart = (millis() - SEGENV.step) /100; //tenths of seconds
  
  if (SEGMENT.speed > 120) { //quick sunrise and sunset
	  uint16_t counter = (now >> 1) * (((SEGMENT.speed -120) >> 1) +1);
	  stage = triwave16(counter);
  } else if (SEGMENT.speed) { //sunrise
	  uint8_t durMins = SEGMENT.speed;
	  if (durMins > 60) durMins -= 60;
	  uint32_t s10Target = durMins * 600;
	  if (s10SinceStart > s10Target) s10SinceStart = s10Target;
	  stage = map(s10SinceStart, 0, s10Target, 0, 0xFFFF);
	  if (SEGMENT.speed > 60) stage = 0xFFFF - stage; //sunset
  }
  
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= SEGLEN/2; i++)
  {
    //default palette is Fire
    uint32_t c = color_from_palette(0, false, true, 255); //background

    uint16_t wave = triwave16((i * stage) / SEGLEN);

    wave = (wave >> 8) + ((wave * SEGMENT.intensity) >> 15);

    if (wave > 240) { //clipped, full white sun
      c = color_from_palette( 240, false, true, 255);
    } else { //transition
      c = color_from_palette(wave, false, true, 255);
    }
    setPixelColor(i, c);
    setPixelColor(SEGLEN - i - 1, c);
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Effects by Andrew Tuline
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::phased_base(uint8_t moder) {                  // We're making sine waves here. By Andrew Tuline.

  uint8_t allfreq = 16;                                          // Base frequency.
  //float* phasePtr = reinterpret_cast<float*>(SEGENV.step);       // Phase change value gets calculated.
  static float phase = 0;//phasePtr[0];
  uint8_t cutOff = (255-SEGMENT.intensity);                      // You can change the number of pixels.  AKA INTENSITY (was 192).
  uint8_t modVal = 5;//SEGMENT.fft1/8+1;                         // You can change the modulus. AKA FFT1 (was 5).

  uint8_t index = now/64;                                    // Set color rotation speed
  phase += SEGMENT.speed/32.0;                                   // You can change the speed of the wave. AKA SPEED (was .4)
  //phasePtr[0] = phase; 

  for (int i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    if (moder == 1) modVal = (inoise8(i*10 + i*10) /16);         // Let's randomize our mod length with some Perlin noise.
    uint16_t val = (i+1) * allfreq;                              // This sets the frequency of the waves. The +1 makes sure that leds[0] is used.
    if (modVal == 0) modVal = 1;
    val += phase * (i % modVal +1) /2;                           // This sets the varying phase change of the waves. By Andrew Tuline.
    uint8_t b = cubicwave8(val);                                 // Now we make an 8 bit sinewave.
    b = (b > cutOff) ? (b - cutOff) : 0;                         // A ternary operator to cutoff the light.
    setPixelColor(i, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(index, false, false, 0), b));
    index += 256 / SEGLEN;
    if (SEGLEN > 256) index ++;                                  // Correction for segments longer than 256 LEDs
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}



uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_phased(void) {
  return phased_base(0);
}



uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_phased_noise(void) {
  return phased_base(1);
}



uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_twinkleup(void) {                 // A very short twinkle routine with fade-in and dual controls. By Andrew Tuline.
  random16_set_seed(535);                                 // The randomizer needs to be re-set each time through the loop in order for the same 'random' numbers to be the same each time through.

  for (int i = 0; i<SEGLEN; i++) {
    uint8_t ranstart = random8();                         // The starting value (aka brightness) for each pixel. Must be consistent each time through the loop for this to work.
    uint8_t pixBri = sin8(ranstart + 16 * now/(256-SEGMENT.speed));
    if (random8() > SEGMENT.intensity) pixBri = 0;
    setPixelColor(i, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(random8()+now/100, false, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), pixBri));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


// Peaceful noise that's slow and with gradually changing palettes. Does not support WLED palettes or default colours or controls.
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_noisepal(void) {                                    // Slow noise palette by Andrew Tuline.
  uint16_t scale = 15 + (SEGMENT.intensity >> 2); //default was 30
  //#define scale 30

  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGBPalette16) * 2; //allocate space for 2 Palettes (2 * 16 * 3 = 96 bytes)
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed

  CRGBPalette16* palettes = reinterpret_cast<CRGBPalette16*>(SEGENV.data);

  uint16_t changePaletteMs = 4000 + SEGMENT.speed *10; //between 4 - 6.5sec
  if (millis() - SEGENV.step > changePaletteMs)
  {
    SEGENV.step = millis();

    uint8_t baseI = random8();
    palettes[1] = CRGBPalette16(CHSV(baseI+random8(64), 255, random8(128,255)), CHSV(baseI+128, 255, random8(128,255)), CHSV(baseI+random8(92), 192, random8(128,255)), CHSV(baseI+random8(92), 255, random8(128,255)));
  }

  CRGB color;

  //EVERY_N_MILLIS(10) { //(don't have to time this, effect function is only called every 24ms)
  nblendPaletteTowardPalette(palettes[0], palettes[1], 48);               // Blend towards the target palette over 48 iterations.

  if (SEGMENT.palette > 0) palettes[0] = currentPalette;

  for(int i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    uint8_t index = inoise8(i*scale, SEGENV.aux0+i*scale);                // Get a value from the noise function. I'm using both x and y axis.
    color = ColorFromPalette(palettes[0], index, 255, LINEARBLEND);       // Use the my own palette.
    setPixelColor(i, color.red, color.green, color.blue);
  }

  SEGENV.aux0 += beatsin8(10,1,4);                                        // Moving along the distance. Vary it a bit with a sine wave.

  return FRAMETIME;
}


// Sine waves that have controllable phase change speed, frequency and cutoff. By Andrew Tuline.
// SEGMENT.speed ->Speed, SEGMENT.intensity -> Frequency (SEGMENT.fft1 -> Color change, SEGMENT.fft2 -> PWM cutoff)
//
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_sinewave(void) {             // Adjustable sinewave. By Andrew Tuline
  //#define qsuba(x, b)  ((x>b)?x-b:0)               // Analog Unsigned subtraction macro. if result <0, then => 0

  uint16_t colorIndex = now /32;//(256 - SEGMENT.fft1);  // Amount of colour change.

  SEGENV.step += SEGMENT.speed/16;                   // Speed of animation.
  uint16_t freq = SEGMENT.intensity/4;//SEGMENT.fft2/8;                       // Frequency of the signal.

  for (int i=0; i<SEGLEN; i++) {                   // For each of the LED's in the strand, set a brightness based on a wave as follows:
    int pixBri = cubicwave8((i*freq)+SEGENV.step);//qsuba(cubicwave8((i*freq)+SEGENV.step), (255-SEGMENT.intensity)); // qsub sets a minimum value called thiscutoff. If < thiscutoff, then bright = 0. Otherwise, bright = 128 (as defined in qsub)..
    //setPixCol(i, i*colorIndex/255, pixBri);
    setPixelColor(i, color_blend(SEGCOLOR(1), color_from_palette(i*colorIndex/255, false, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0), pixBri));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Best of both worlds from Palette and Spot effects. By Aircoookie
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_flow(void)
{
  uint16_t counter = 0;
  if (SEGMENT.speed != 0) 
  {
    counter = now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) +1);
    counter = counter >> 8;
  }
  
  uint16_t maxZones = SEGLEN / 6; //only looks good if each zone has at least 6 LEDs
  uint16_t zones = (SEGMENT.intensity * maxZones) >> 8;
  if (zones & 0x01) zones++; //zones must be even
  if (zones < 2) zones = 2;
  uint16_t zoneLen = SEGLEN / zones;
  uint16_t offset = (SEGLEN - zones * zoneLen) >> 1;

  fill(color_from_palette(-counter, false, true, 255));

  for (uint16_t z = 0; z < zones; z++)
  {
    uint16_t pos = offset + z * zoneLen;
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < zoneLen; i++)
    {
      uint8_t colorIndex = (i * 255 / zoneLen) - counter;
      uint16_t led = (z & 0x01) ? i : (zoneLen -1) -i;
      if (SEGMENT.getOption(SEG_OPTION_REVERSED)) led = (zoneLen -1) -led;
      setPixelColor(pos + led, color_from_palette(colorIndex, false, true, 255));
    }
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}


/*
 * Dots waving around in a sine/pendulum motion.
 * Little pixel birds flying in a circle. By Aircoookie
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_chunchun(void)
{
  fill(SEGCOLOR(1));
  uint16_t counter = now*(6 + (SEGMENT.speed >> 4));
  uint16_t numBirds = 2 + (SEGLEN >> 3);  // 2 + 1/8 of a segment
  uint16_t span = (SEGMENT.intensity << 8) / numBirds;

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numBirds; i++)
  {
    counter -= span;
    uint16_t megumin = sin16(counter) + 0x8000;
    uint32_t bird = (megumin * SEGLEN) >> 16;
    uint32_t c = color_from_palette((i * 255)/ numBirds, false, false, 0);  // no palette wrapping
    setPixelColor(bird, c);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
}

//13 bytes
typedef struct Spotlight {
  float speed;
  uint8_t colorIdx;
  int16_t position;
  unsigned long lastUpdateTime;
  uint8_t width;
  uint8_t type;
} spotlight;

#define SPOT_TYPE_SOLID       0
#define SPOT_TYPE_GRADIENT    1
#define SPOT_TYPE_2X_GRADIENT 2
#define SPOT_TYPE_2X_DOT      3
#define SPOT_TYPE_3X_DOT      4
#define SPOT_TYPE_4X_DOT      5
#define SPOT_TYPES_COUNT      6
#ifdef ESP8266
  #define SPOT_MAX_COUNT 17          //Number of simultaneous waves
#else
  #define SPOT_MAX_COUNT 49          //Number of simultaneous waves
#endif

/*
 * Spotlights moving back and forth that cast dancing shadows.
 * Shine this through tree branches/leaves or other close-up objects that cast
 * interesting shadows onto a ceiling or tarp.
 *
 * By Steve Pomeroy @xxv
 */
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_dancing_shadows(void)
{
  uint8_t numSpotlights = map(SEGMENT.intensity, 0, 255, 2, SPOT_MAX_COUNT);  // 49 on 32 segment ESP32, 17 on 16 segment ESP8266
  bool initialize = SEGENV.aux0 != numSpotlights;
  SEGENV.aux0 = numSpotlights;

  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(spotlight) * numSpotlights;
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  Spotlight* spotlights = reinterpret_cast<Spotlight*>(SEGENV.data);

  fill(BLACK);

  unsigned long time = millis();
  bool respawn = false;

  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numSpotlights; i++) {
    if (!initialize) {
      // advance the position of the spotlight
      int16_t delta = (float)(time - spotlights[i].lastUpdateTime) *
                  (spotlights[i].speed * ((1.0 + SEGMENT.speed)/100.0));

      if (abs(delta) >= 1) {
        spotlights[i].position += delta;
        spotlights[i].lastUpdateTime = time;
      }

      respawn = (spotlights[i].speed > 0.0 && spotlights[i].position > (SEGLEN + 2))
             || (spotlights[i].speed < 0.0 && spotlights[i].position < -(spotlights[i].width + 2));
    }

    if (initialize || respawn) {
      spotlights[i].colorIdx = random8();
      spotlights[i].width = random8(1, 10);

      spotlights[i].speed = 1.0/random8(4, 50);

      if (initialize) {
        spotlights[i].position = random16(SEGLEN);
        spotlights[i].speed *= random8(2) ? 1.0 : -1.0;
      } else {
        if (random8(2)) {
          spotlights[i].position = SEGLEN + spotlights[i].width;
          spotlights[i].speed *= -1.0;
        }else {
          spotlights[i].position = -spotlights[i].width;
        }
      }

      spotlights[i].lastUpdateTime = time;
      spotlights[i].type = random8(SPOT_TYPES_COUNT);
    }

    uint32_t color = color_from_palette(spotlights[i].colorIdx, false, false, 0);
    int start = spotlights[i].position;

    if (spotlights[i].width <= 1) {
      if (start >= 0 && start < SEGLEN) {
        blendPixelColor(start, color, 128);
      }
    } else {
      switch (spotlights[i].type) {
        case SPOT_TYPE_SOLID:
          for (uint8_t j = 0; j < spotlights[i].width; j++) {
            if ((start + j) >= 0 && (start + j) < SEGLEN) {
              blendPixelColor(start + j, color, 128);
            }
          }
        break;

        case SPOT_TYPE_GRADIENT:
          for (uint8_t j = 0; j < spotlights[i].width; j++) {
            if ((start + j) >= 0 && (start + j) < SEGLEN) {
              blendPixelColor(start + j, color,
                              cubicwave8(map(j, 0, spotlights[i].width - 1, 0, 255)));
            }
          }
        break;

        case SPOT_TYPE_2X_GRADIENT:
          for (uint8_t j = 0; j < spotlights[i].width; j++) {
            if ((start + j) >= 0 && (start + j) < SEGLEN) {
              blendPixelColor(start + j, color,
                              cubicwave8(2 * map(j, 0, spotlights[i].width - 1, 0, 255)));
            }
          }
        break;

        case SPOT_TYPE_2X_DOT:
          for (uint8_t j = 0; j < spotlights[i].width; j += 2) {
            if ((start + j) >= 0 && (start + j) < SEGLEN) {
              blendPixelColor(start + j, color, 128);
            }
          }
        break;

        case SPOT_TYPE_3X_DOT:
          for (uint8_t j = 0; j < spotlights[i].width; j += 3) {
            if ((start + j) >= 0 && (start + j) < SEGLEN) {
              blendPixelColor(start + j, color, 128);
            }
          }
        break;

        case SPOT_TYPE_4X_DOT:
          for (uint8_t j = 0; j < spotlights[i].width; j += 4) {
            if ((start + j) >= 0 && (start + j) < SEGLEN) {
              blendPixelColor(start + j, color, 128);
            }
          }
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}

/*
  Imitates a washing machine, rotating same waves forward, then pause, then backward.
  By Stefan Seegel
*/
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_washing_machine(void) {
  float speed = tristate_square8(now >> 7, 90, 15);
  float quot  = 32.0f - ((float)SEGMENT.speed / 16.0f);
  speed /= quot;

  SEGENV.step += (speed * 128.0f);
  
  for (int i=0; i<SEGLEN; i++) {
    uint8_t col = sin8(((SEGMENT.intensity / 25 + 1) * 255 * i / SEGLEN) + (SEGENV.step >> 7));
    setPixelColor(i, color_from_palette(col, false, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 3));
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}

/*
  Blends random colors across palette
  Modified, originally by Mark Kriegsman https://gist.github.com/kriegsman/1f7ccbbfa492a73c015e
*/
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_blends(void) {
  uint16_t pixelLen = SEGLEN > UINT8_MAX ? UINT8_MAX : SEGLEN;
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(uint32_t) * (pixelLen + 1);  // max segment length of 56 pixels on 16 segment ESP8266
  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  uint32_t* pixels = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(SEGENV.data);
  uint8_t blendSpeed = map(SEGMENT.intensity, 0, UINT8_MAX, 10, 128);
  uint8_t shift = (now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 3) +1)) >> 8;

  for (int i = 0; i < pixelLen; i++) {
    pixels[i] = color_blend(pixels[i], color_from_palette(shift + quadwave8((i + 1) * 16), false, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 255), blendSpeed);
    shift += 3;
  }

  uint16_t offset = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, pixels[offset++]);
    if (offset > pixelLen) offset = 0;
  }

  return FRAMETIME;
}

/*
  TV Simulator
  Modified and adapted to WLED by Def3nder, based on "Fake TV Light for Engineers" by Phillip Burgess https://learn.adafruit.com/fake-tv-light-for-engineers/arduino-sketch
*/
//43 bytes
typedef struct TvSim {
  uint32_t totalTime = 0;
  uint32_t fadeTime  = 0;
  uint32_t startTime = 0;
  uint32_t elapsed   = 0;
  uint32_t pixelNum  = 0;
  uint16_t sliderValues = 0;
  uint32_t sceeneStart    = 0;
  uint32_t sceeneDuration = 0;
  uint16_t sceeneColorHue = 0;
  uint8_t  sceeneColorSat = 0;
  uint8_t  sceeneColorBri = 0;
  uint8_t  actualColorR = 0;
  uint8_t  actualColorG = 0;
  uint8_t  actualColorB = 0;
  uint16_t pr = 0; // Prev R, G, B
  uint16_t pg = 0;
  uint16_t pb = 0;
} tvSim;

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_tv_simulator(void) {
  uint16_t nr, ng, nb, r, g, b, i, hue;
  uint8_t  sat, bri, j;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(sizeof(tvSim))) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  TvSim* tvSimulator = reinterpret_cast<TvSim*>(SEGENV.data);

  uint8_t colorSpeed     = map(SEGMENT.speed,     0, UINT8_MAX,  1, 20);
  uint8_t colorIntensity = map(SEGMENT.intensity, 0, UINT8_MAX, 10, 30);

  i = SEGMENT.speed << 8 | SEGMENT.intensity;
  if (i != tvSimulator->sliderValues) {
    tvSimulator->sliderValues = i;
    SEGENV.aux1 = 0;
  }

    // create a new sceene
    if (((millis() - tvSimulator->sceeneStart) >= tvSimulator->sceeneDuration) || SEGENV.aux1 == 0) {
      tvSimulator->sceeneStart    = millis();                                               // remember the start of the new sceene
      tvSimulator->sceeneDuration = random16(60* 250* colorSpeed, 60* 750 * colorSpeed);    // duration of a "movie sceene" which has similar colors (5 to 15 minutes with max speed slider)
      tvSimulator->sceeneColorHue = random16(   0, 768);                                    // random start color-tone for the sceene
      tvSimulator->sceeneColorSat = random8 ( 100, 130 + colorIntensity);                   // random start color-saturation for the sceene
      tvSimulator->sceeneColorBri = random8 ( 200, 240);                                    // random start color-brightness for the sceene
      SEGENV.aux1 = 1;
      SEGENV.aux0 = 0;
    } 
    
    // slightly change the color-tone in this sceene
    if ( SEGENV.aux0 == 0) {
      // hue change in both directions
      j = random8(4 * colorIntensity);
      hue = (random8() < 128) ? ((j < tvSimulator->sceeneColorHue)       ? tvSimulator->sceeneColorHue - j : 767 - tvSimulator->sceeneColorHue - j) :  // negative
                                ((j + tvSimulator->sceeneColorHue) < 767 ? tvSimulator->sceeneColorHue + j : tvSimulator->sceeneColorHue + j - 767) ;  // positive
      
      // saturation
      j = random8(2 * colorIntensity);
      sat = (tvSimulator->sceeneColorSat - j) < 0 ? 0 : tvSimulator->sceeneColorSat - j;
      
      // brightness
      j = random8(100);
      bri = (tvSimulator->sceeneColorBri - j) < 0 ? 0 : tvSimulator->sceeneColorBri - j;

      // calculate R,G,B from HSV
      // Source: https://blog.adafruit.com/2012/03/14/constant-brightness-hsb-to-rgb-algorithm/
      { // just to create a local scope for  the variables
        uint8_t temp[5], n = (hue >> 8) % 3;
        uint8_t x = ((((hue & 255) * sat) >> 8) * bri) >> 8;
        uint8_t s = (  (256 - sat) * bri) >> 8;
        temp[0] = temp[3] =       s;
        temp[1] = temp[4] =   x + s;
        temp[2] =           bri - x;
        tvSimulator->actualColorR = temp[n + 2];
        tvSimulator->actualColorG = temp[n + 1];
        tvSimulator->actualColorB = temp[n    ];
      }
    }
    // Apply gamma correction, further expand to 16/16/16
    nr = (uint8_t)gamma8(tvSimulator->actualColorR) * 257; // New R/G/B
    ng = (uint8_t)gamma8(tvSimulator->actualColorG) * 257;
    nb = (uint8_t)gamma8(tvSimulator->actualColorB) * 257;

  if (SEGENV.aux0 == 0) {  // initialize next iteration 
    SEGENV.aux0 = 1;

    // randomize total duration and fade duration for the actual color
    tvSimulator->totalTime = random16(250, 2500);                   // Semi-random pixel-to-pixel time
    tvSimulator->fadeTime  = random16(0, tvSimulator->totalTime);   // Pixel-to-pixel transition time
    if (random8(10) < 3) tvSimulator->fadeTime = 0;                 // Force scene cut 30% of time

    tvSimulator->startTime = millis();
  } // end of initialization

  // how much time is elapsed ?
  tvSimulator->elapsed = millis() - tvSimulator->startTime;

  // fade from prev volor to next color
  if (tvSimulator->elapsed < tvSimulator->fadeTime) {
    r = map(tvSimulator->elapsed, 0, tvSimulator->fadeTime, tvSimulator->pr, nr); 
    g = map(tvSimulator->elapsed, 0, tvSimulator->fadeTime, tvSimulator->pg, ng);
    b = map(tvSimulator->elapsed, 0, tvSimulator->fadeTime, tvSimulator->pb, nb);
  } else { // Avoid divide-by-zero in map()
    r = nr;
    g = ng;
    b = nb;
  }

  // set strip color
  for (i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {
    setPixelColor(i, r >> 8, g >> 8, b >> 8);  // Quantize to 8-bit
  }

  // if total duration has passed, remember last color and restart the loop
  if ( tvSimulator->elapsed >= tvSimulator->totalTime) {
    tvSimulator->pr = nr; // Prev RGB = new RGB
    tvSimulator->pg = ng;
    tvSimulator->pb = nb;
    SEGENV.aux0 = 0;
  }
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}

/*
  Aurora effect
*/

//CONFIG
#ifdef ESP8266
  #define W_MAX_COUNT  9          //Number of simultaneous waves
#else
  #define W_MAX_COUNT 20          //Number of simultaneous waves
#endif
#define W_MAX_SPEED 6             //Higher number, higher speed
#define W_WIDTH_FACTOR 6          //Higher number, smaller waves

//24 bytes
class AuroraWave {
  private:
    uint16_t ttl;
    CRGB basecolor;
    float basealpha;
    uint16_t age;
    uint16_t width;
    float center;
    bool goingleft;
    float speed_factor;
    bool alive = true;

  public:
    void init(uint32_t segment_length, CRGB color) {
      ttl = random(500, 1501);
      basecolor = color;
      basealpha = random(60, 101) / (float)100;
      age = 0;
      width = random(segment_length / 20, segment_length / W_WIDTH_FACTOR); //half of width to make math easier
      if (!width) width = 1;
      center = random(101) / (float)100 * segment_length;
      goingleft = random(0, 2) == 0;
      speed_factor = (random(10, 31) / (float)100 * W_MAX_SPEED / 255);
      alive = true;
    }

    CRGB getColorForLED(int ledIndex) {      
      if(ledIndex < center - width || ledIndex > center + width) return 0; //Position out of range of this wave

      CRGB rgb;

      //Offset of this led from center of wave
      //The further away from the center, the dimmer the LED
      float offset = ledIndex - center;
      if (offset < 0) offset = -offset;
      float offsetFactor = offset / width;

      //The age of the wave determines it brightness.
      //At half its maximum age it will be the brightest.
      float ageFactor = 0.1;        
      if((float)age / ttl < 0.5) {
        ageFactor = (float)age / (ttl / 2);
      } else {
        ageFactor = (float)(ttl - age) / ((float)ttl * 0.5);
      }

      //Calculate color based on above factors and basealpha value
      float factor = (1 - offsetFactor) * ageFactor * basealpha;
      rgb.r = basecolor.r * factor;
      rgb.g = basecolor.g * factor;
      rgb.b = basecolor.b * factor;
    
      return rgb;
    };

    //Change position and age of wave
    //Determine if its sill "alive"
    void update(uint32_t segment_length, uint32_t speed) {
      if(goingleft) {
        center -= speed_factor * speed;
      } else {
        center += speed_factor * speed;
      }

      age++;

      if(age > ttl) {
        alive = false;
      } else {
        if(goingleft) {
          if(center + width < 0) {
            alive = false;
          }
        } else {
          if(center - width > segment_length) {
            alive = false;
          }
        }
      }
    };

    bool stillAlive() {
      return alive;
    };
};

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_aurora(void) {
  //aux1 = Wavecount
  //aux2 = Intensity in last loop

  AuroraWave* waves;

  if(SEGENV.aux0 != SEGMENT.intensity || SEGENV.call == 0) {
    //Intensity slider changed or first call
    SEGENV.aux1 = map(SEGMENT.intensity, 0, 255, 2, W_MAX_COUNT);
    SEGENV.aux0 = SEGMENT.intensity;

    if(!SEGENV.allocateData(sizeof(AuroraWave) * SEGENV.aux1)) { // 26 on 32 segment ESP32, 9 on 16 segment ESP8266
      return mode_static(); //allocation failed
    }

    waves = reinterpret_cast<AuroraWave*>(SEGENV.data);

    for(int i = 0; i < SEGENV.aux1; i++) {
      waves[i].init(SEGLEN, col_to_crgb(color_from_palette(random8(), false, false, random(0, 3))));
    }
  } else {
    waves = reinterpret_cast<AuroraWave*>(SEGENV.data);
  }

  for(int i = 0; i < SEGENV.aux1; i++) {
    //Update values of wave
    waves[i].update(SEGLEN, SEGMENT.speed);

    if(!(waves[i].stillAlive())) {
      //If a wave dies, reinitialize it starts over.
      waves[i].init(SEGLEN, col_to_crgb(color_from_palette(random8(), false, false, random(0, 3))));
    }
  }

  uint8_t backlight = 1; //dimmer backlight if less active colors
  if (SEGCOLOR(0)) backlight++;
  if (SEGCOLOR(1)) backlight++;
  if (SEGCOLOR(2)) backlight++;
  //Loop through LEDs to determine color
  for(int i = 0; i < SEGLEN; i++) {    
    CRGB mixedRgb = CRGB(backlight, backlight, backlight);

    //For each LED we must check each wave if it is "active" at this position.
    //If there are multiple waves active on a LED we multiply their values.
    for(int  j = 0; j < SEGENV.aux1; j++) {
      CRGB rgb = waves[j].getColorForLED(i);
      
      if(rgb != CRGB(0)) {       
        mixedRgb += rgb;
      }
    }

    setPixelColor(i, mixedRgb[0], mixedRgb[1], mixedRgb[2]);
  }
  
  return FRAMETIME;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//***************************  2D routines  ***********************************

// Black hole
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2DBlackHole(void) {            // By: Stepko https://editor.soulmatelights.com/gallery/1012 , Modified by: Andrew Tuline
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t w = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t h = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * w * h;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  uint16_t x, y;

  // initialize on first call
  if (SEGENV.call == 0) {
    for (y = 0; y < h; y++) for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
      leds[XY(x,y)] = CRGB::Black;
    }
  }

  fadeToBlackBy(leds, 16 + (SEGMENT.speed>>3)); // create fading trails
  float t = (float)(millis())/128;              // timebase
  // outer stars
  for (byte i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    x = beatsin8(SEGMENT.c1x>>3,       0, w - 1, 0, ((i % 2) ? 128 : 0) + t * i);
    y = beatsin8(SEGMENT.intensity>>3, 0, h - 1, 0, ((i % 2) ? 192 : 64) + t * i);
    leds[XY(x,y)] += CHSV(i*32, 255, 255);
  }
  // inner stars
  for (byte i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    x = beatsin8(SEGMENT.c2x>>3, w/4, w - 1 - w/4, 0, ((i % 2) ? 128 : 0) + t * i);
    y = beatsin8(SEGMENT.c3x>>3, h/4, h - 1 - h/4, 0, ((i % 2) ? 192 : 64) + t * i);
    leds[XY(x,y)] += CHSV(i*32, 255, 255);
  }
  // central white dot
  leds[XY(w/2,h/2)] = CHSV(0,0,255);
  // blur everything a bit
  blur2d(leds, 16);

  for (y = 0; y < h; y++) for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
    uint16_t o = x + y * w;
    setPixelColorXY(x, y, leds[o]);
  }
  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2DBlackHole()

/////////////////////
//      2D DNA     //
/////////////////////
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2Ddna(void) {         // dna originally by by ldirko at https://pastebin.com/pCkkkzcs. Updated by Preyy. WLED conversion by Andrew Tuline.
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * width * height;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  fadeToBlackBy(leds, 64);

  for(int i = 0; i < width; i++) {               // change to height if you want to re-orient, and swap the 4 lines below.
    leds[XY(i, beatsin8(SEGMENT.speed/8, 0, height-1, 0, i*4))]     = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, i*5+millis()/17, beatsin8(5, 55, 255, 0, i*10), LINEARBLEND);
    leds[XY(i, beatsin8(SEGMENT.speed/8, 0, height-1, 0, i*4+128))] = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette,i*5+128+millis()/17, beatsin8(5, 55, 255, 0, i*10+128), LINEARBLEND); // 180 degrees (128) out of phase
  }

  blur2d(leds, SEGMENT.intensity/8);

  setPixels(leds);

  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2Ddna()

/////////////////////////
//     2D DNA Spiral   //
/////////////////////////
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2DDNASpiral() {               // By: ldirko  https://editor.soulmatelights.com/gallery/810 , modified by: Andrew Tuline
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * width * height;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  uint8_t speeds = SEGMENT.speed/2;
  uint8_t freq = SEGMENT.intensity/8;

  static byte hue = 0;
  uint32_t ms = millis() / 20;
  nscale8(leds, 120);

  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < height; i++) {
    uint16_t x  = beatsin8(speeds, 0, width - 1, 0, i * freq) + beatsin8(speeds - 7, 0, width - 1, 0, i * freq + 128);
    uint16_t x1 = beatsin8(speeds, 0, width - 1, 0, 128 + i * freq) + beatsin8(speeds - 7, 0, width - 1, 0, 128 + 64 + i * freq);
    hue = i * 128 / width + ms; //ewowi20210629: not width - 1 to avoid crash if width = 1
    if ((i + ms / 8) & 3) {
      x = x / 2; x1 = x1 / 2;
      byte steps = abs8(x - x1) + 1;
      for (byte k = 1; k <= steps; k++) {
        byte dx = lerp8by8(x, x1, k * 255 / steps);
        uint16_t index = XY(dx, i);
        leds[index] += ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, hue, 255, LINEARBLEND);
        leds[index] %= (k * 255 / steps); //for draw gradient line
      }
      leds[XY(x, i)]  += CRGB::DarkSlateGray;
      leds[XY(x1, i)] += CRGB::White;
    }
  }

  setPixels(leds);       // Use this ONLY if we're going to display via leds[x] method.
  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2DDNASpiral()

/////////////////////////
//     2D Drift        //
/////////////////////////
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2DDrift() {              // By: Stepko   https://editor.soulmatelights.com/gallery/884-drift , Modified by: Andrew Tuline
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * width * height;

  if (width<8 || height<8) return mode_static();

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  fadeToBlackBy(leds, 128);

  const uint16_t maxDim = MAX(width, height)/2;
  unsigned long t = millis() / (32 - (SEGMENT.speed>>3));
  for (float i = 1; i < maxDim; i += 0.25) {
    float angle = radians(t * (maxDim - i));
    uint16_t myX = (width>>1)  + (uint16_t)(sin_t(angle) * i) + (width%2);
    uint16_t myY = (height>>1) + (uint16_t)(cos_t(angle) * i) + (height%2);
    leds[XY(myX,myY)] = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, (i * 20) + (t / 20), 255, LINEARBLEND);
  }
  blur2d(leds, SEGMENT.intensity>>3);

  setPixels(leds);
  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2DDrift()

//////////////////////////
//     2D Firenoise     //
//////////////////////////
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2Dfirenoise(void) {               // firenoise2d. By Andrew Tuline. Yet another short routine.
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * width * height;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  uint16_t xscale = SEGMENT.intensity*4;
  uint32_t yscale = SEGMENT.speed*8;
  uint8_t indexx = 0;

  currentPalette = CRGBPalette16( CRGB(0,0,0), CRGB(0,0,0), CRGB(0,0,0), CRGB(0,0,0),
                                  CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, CRGB::DarkOrange,
                                  CRGB::DarkOrange,CRGB::DarkOrange, CRGB::Orange, CRGB::Orange,
                                  CRGB::Yellow, CRGB::Orange, CRGB::Yellow, CRGB::Yellow);

  for (uint16_t j=0; j < width; j++) {
    for (uint16_t i=0; i < height; i++) {
      indexx = inoise8(j*yscale*height/255, i*xscale+millis()/4);                                           // We're moving along our Perlin map.
      leds[XY(j,i)] = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, min(i*(indexx)>>4, 255), i*255/width, LINEARBLEND);  // With that value, look up the 8 bit colour palette value and assign it to the current LED.
    } // for i
  } // for j

  setPixels(leds);
  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2Dfirenoise()

//////////////////////////////
//     2D Frizzles          //
//////////////////////////////
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2DFrizzles(void) {                 // By: Stepko https://editor.soulmatelights.com/gallery/640-color-frizzles , Modified by: Andrew Tuline
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * width * height;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  fadeToBlackBy(leds, 16);
  for (byte i = 8; i > 0; i--) {
    leds[XY(beatsin8(SEGMENT.speed/8 + i, 0, width - 1), beatsin8(SEGMENT.intensity/8 - i, 0, height - 1))] += ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, beatsin8(12, 0, 255), 255, LINEARBLEND);
  }
  blur2d(leds, 16);

  setPixels(leds);
  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2DFrizzles()

///////////////////////////////////////////
//   2D Cellular Automata Game of life   //
///////////////////////////////////////////

/////////////////////////
//     2D Hiphotic     //
/////////////////////////
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2DHiphotic() {                        //  By: ldirko  https://editor.soulmatelights.com/gallery/810 , Modified by: Andrew Tuline
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * width * height;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  uint32_t a = millis() / 8;

  for (uint16_t x = 0; x < width; x++) {
    for (uint16_t y = 0; y < height; y++) {
      leds[XY(x,y)] = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, sin8(cos8(x * SEGMENT.speed/16 + a / 3) + sin8(y * SEGMENT.intensity/16 + a / 4) + a), 255, LINEARBLEND);
    }
  }

  setPixels(leds);       // Use this ONLY if we're going to display via leds[x] method.
  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2DHiphotic()

/////////////////////////
//     2D Julia        //
/////////////////////////

//////////////////////////////
//     2D Lissajous         //
//////////////////////////////
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2DLissajous(void) {            // By: Andrew Tuline
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * width * height;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  fadeToBlackBy(leds, SEGMENT.intensity);

  for (int i=0; i < 256; i ++) {

    uint8_t xlocn = sin8(millis()/2+i*SEGMENT.speed/64);
    uint8_t ylocn = cos8(millis()/2+i*128/64);

    xlocn = map(xlocn,0,255,0,width-1);
    ylocn = map(ylocn,0,255,0,height-1);
    leds[XY(xlocn,ylocn)] = ColorFromPalette(currentPalette, millis()/100+i, 255, LINEARBLEND);
  }

  setPixels(leds);
  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2DLissajous()


///////////////////////
//    2D Matrix      //
///////////////////////
uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2Dmatrix(void) {                  // Matrix2D. By Jeremy Williams. Adapted by Andrew Tuline & improved by merkisoft and ewowi.
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();
  uint16_t dataSize = sizeof(CRGB) * width * height;

  if (!SEGENV.allocateData(dataSize)) return mode_static(); //allocation failed
  CRGB *leds = reinterpret_cast<CRGB*>(SEGENV.data);

  if (SEGENV.call == 0) fill_solid(leds, 0);

  uint8_t fade = map(SEGMENT.c1x, 0, 255, 50, 250);    // equals trail size
  uint8_t speed = (256-SEGMENT.speed) >> map(MIN(height, 150), 0, 150, 0, 3);    // slower speeds for small displays

  CRGB spawnColor;
  CRGB trailColor;
  if (SEGMENT.c2x > 128) {
    spawnColor = SEGCOLOR(0);
    trailColor = SEGCOLOR(1);
  } else {
    spawnColor = CRGB(175,255,175);
    trailColor = CRGB(27,130,39);
  }

  if (millis() - SEGENV.step >= speed) {
    SEGENV.step = millis();
    for (int16_t row=height-1; row>=0; row--) {
      for (int16_t col=0; col<width; col++) {
        if (leds[XY(col, row)] == spawnColor) {
          leds[XY(col, row)] = trailColor;         // create trail
          if (row < height-1) leds[XY(col, row+1)] = spawnColor;
        }
      }
    }

    // fade all leds
    for (int x=0; x<width; x++) for (int y=0; y<height; y++) {
      if (leds[XY(x,y)] != spawnColor) leds[XY(x,y)].nscale8(fade);         // only fade trail
    }

    // check for empty screen to ensure code spawn
    bool emptyScreen = true;
    for (uint16_t x=0; x<width; x++) for (uint16_t y=0; y<height; y++) {
      if (leds[XY(x,y)]) {
        emptyScreen = false;
        break;
      }
    }

    // spawn new falling code
    if (random8() < SEGMENT.intensity || emptyScreen) {
      uint8_t spawnX = random8(width);
      leds[XY(spawnX, 0)] = spawnColor;
    }

    setPixels(leds);
  } // if millis

  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2Dmatrix()

uint16_t WS2812FX::mode_2DAkemi(void) {
  if (!isMatrix) return mode_static(); // not a 2D set-up

  uint16_t width  = SEGMENT.virtualWidth();
  uint16_t height = SEGMENT.virtualHeight();

  uint16_t counter = (now * ((SEGMENT.speed >> 2) +2)) & 0xFFFF;
  counter = counter >> 8;

  //Akemi
  uint8_t akemi[32][32]={
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,3,0,0,0,6,5,5,4,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,3,0,0,6,6,5,5,5,5,4,4,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,3,0,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,3,0,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,0,2,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,3,6,5,5,7,7,5,5,5,5,7,7,5,5,4,3,2,3,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,2,3,1,3,6,5,1,7,7,7,5,5,1,7,7,7,5,4,3,1,3,2,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,8,3,1,3,6,5,1,7,7,7,5,5,1,7,7,7,5,4,3,1,3,8,9,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,8,3,1,3,6,5,5,1,1,5,5,5,5,1,1,5,5,4,3,1,3,8,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,2,3,1,3,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,3,1,3,2,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,3,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,3,2,3,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,5,5,5,5,5,7,7,5,5,5,5,5,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2},
    {0,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0},
    {0,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,6,5,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,2,2,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,0,0,0,2,3,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,3,3,0,0,3,3,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,2,3,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,2,3,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,3,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,3,2,2,2,3,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,3,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,3,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
  };

  //draw and color Akemi
  for (uint16_t y=0; y < height; y++) for (uint16_t x=0; x < width; x++) {
    CRGB color = BLACK;
    CRGB faceColor = color_wheel(counter);
    CRGB armsAndLegsColor = SEGCOLOR(1) > 0 ? SEGCOLOR(1) : 0xFFE0A0; //default warmish white 0xABA8FF; //0xFF52e5;//
    CRGB soundColor = ORANGE;
    float lightFactor = 0.15;
    float normalFactor = 0.4;
    float base = 0.0; //fftResult[0]/255.0;
    switch (akemi[(y * 32)/height][(x * 32)/width]) {
      case 0: color = BLACK; break;
      case 3: armsAndLegsColor.r *= lightFactor;  armsAndLegsColor.g *= lightFactor;  armsAndLegsColor.b *= lightFactor;  color = armsAndLegsColor; break; //light arms and legs 0x9B9B9B
      case 2: armsAndLegsColor.r *= normalFactor; armsAndLegsColor.g *= normalFactor; armsAndLegsColor.b *= normalFactor; color = armsAndLegsColor; break; //normal arms and legs 0x888888
      case 1: color = armsAndLegsColor; break; //dark arms and legs 0x686868
      case 6: faceColor.r *= lightFactor;  faceColor.g *= lightFactor;  faceColor.b *= lightFactor;  color=faceColor; break; //light face 0x31AAFF
      case 5: faceColor.r *= normalFactor; faceColor.g *= normalFactor; faceColor.b *= normalFactor; color=faceColor; break; //normal face 0x0094FF
      case 4: color = faceColor; break; //dark face 0x007DC6
      case 7: color = SEGCOLOR(2) > 0 ? SEGCOLOR(2) : 0xFFFFFF; break; //eyes and mouth default white
      case 8: if (base > 0.4) {soundColor.r *= base; soundColor.g *= base; soundColor.b *= base; color=soundColor;} else color = armsAndLegsColor; break;
      default: color = BLACK;
    }

    if (SEGMENT.intensity > 128 /*&& fftResult[0] > 128*/) { //dance if base is high
      setPixelColorXY(x, 0, BLACK);
      setPixelColorXY(x, y+1, color);
    } else
      setPixelColorXY(x, y, color);
  }

  //add geq left and right
  /*
  for (uint16_t x=0; x < width/8; x++) {
    uint16_t band = x * width/8;
    uint16_t barHeight = map(fftResult[band], 0, 255, 0, 17*height/32);
    CRGB color = color_from_palette((band * 35), false, PALETTE_SOLID_WRAP, 0);

    for (uint16_t y=0; y < barHeight; y++) {
      setPixelColorXY(x, height/2-y, color);
      setPixelColorXY(width-1-x, height/2-y, color);
    }
  }
  */
  return FRAMETIME;
} // mode_2DAkemi